The Ascent to Respectability: The Distant History of the Paralympics

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Notes

^1. One of the key figures was the neurosurgeon Ludwig Guttmann, a keen promoter of sport for the disabled. Generally the first event is dated 28 July 1948, in which sixteen disabled athletes, of both sexes, participated.

^2. See S. Barton, A Sporting Chance. The History of the Special Olympics in Great Britain (Leicester, 2009) or website entries: www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/5323. Wikipedia entry for history of Paralympic Games. I would like to thank Dr Neil Carter for these references.

^3. A. Stevenson. ‘With foot in mouth, Tunstall heads for Melbourne’. The Age, Feb 2, 2006. I would like to thank Dr Roy Hay for this reference.

^4. Lillywhite Cricket Scores and Biographies, 196.

^5. The World, Jan 5, 1790.

^6. Harvey The Beginnings of a Commercial Sporting Culture in Britain 1793–1850, 97.

^7. Bell's Life in London, July 20, 1845, 4.

^8. Bell's, September 22, 1850, 6.

^9. Bell's, June 7, 1846, 6.

^10. Chess Monthly, 1857, 320. A good deal of information about blind chess players from the nineteenth century can be found on the following websites: Blog.chess.com/batgirl/blindambition; Blog.chess.com.batgirl/blindambition-ii; Blog.chess.com.batgirl/blindambition-iii; www.norwichchess.org.uk/history/history2.htm. I would like to thank Professor Rod Edwards and Dr Tim Harding for making me aware of these works, especially those by batgirl (Sarah Beth).