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Abstract
Platelet-derived factors are biomaterials that might accelerate healing process in oral, maxillofacial, and several other applications. Release of specific factors by platelet concentrates is critical to achieving a successful outcome. Here, we have shown that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) clots were beneficial sources of leukocytes, which may directly affect the release of chemokines and growth factors. When compared with the standard leukocyte-PRF (L-PRF), the experimental low-force modified procedure [defined as advanced-PRF (A-PRF)] entrapped the same content of viable leukocytes, released a similar amount of inflammatory cytokines, but secreted 3-, 1.6-, 3-, and 1.2-fold higher levels of Eotaxin, CCL5, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively. A leukocyte-free scaffold, such as plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), released only platelet-specific factors and, in particular, the F3 fraction, the richest in growth factors, secreted higher amount of CCL5 and PDGF compared to F1 and F2 fractions. In conclusion, different procedures and leukocyte content affect cytokine, chemokines, and growth factor release from platelet derivatives, which may be helpful in different clinical settings.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Dr M. R. Ambrosio and Dr D. Liguoro for technical help and to Dr G. Perruolo for discussion and advice.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Funding
This study was supported in part by Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro––AIRC (IG 12136), MIUR–PRIN (prot.2010MCLBCZ), MIUR–FIRB MERIT (RBNE08NKH7), P.O.R. Campania FSE 2007-2013, Project CREMe.