Rapid detection of clonidine and its cross-reactivity with apraclonidine in pig urine using an immunochromatographic test strip

ABSTRACT

Clonidine (CLO) preferentially stimulates central α-2-adrenoceptors and causes both desirable and undesirable effects. Undesirable effects include sedation and withdrawal reactions, which occur as a sudden rise in arterial pressure, nervousness, agitation, and increased heart rate. An immunochromatographic test strip was developed for the rapid simultaneous detection of CLO and its cross-reactivity with apraclonidine (ACLO) in pig urine. The antigen CLO-OVA and goat anti-mouse IgG were attached to a nitrocellulose membrane as control line and test line. The cut-off limits of the test strips for CLO and ACLO were found to be 2.5 ng/mL in both 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) and pig urine. All the results were obtained within 5 min. The results revealed that the developed method is a sensitive, rapid, and simple tool for the detection of CLO and ACLO.

KEYWORDS:

• Apraclonidine
• clonidine
• immunochromatographic assay
• monoclonal antibody
• strip test

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work is financially supported by National Key R and D Program (2016YFD0401101), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province and MOF (CMB21S1614, BE2016307, BK20150145, BX20151038), the Self-determined Research Program of Jiangnan University (JUSRP51715A, SJLX16_0474), Taishan Industry Leading Talent Special Funds, Suzhou Science and Technology Committee Program (SNG201617) and grants from the Changshu Science and Technology Committee Program (CS201605).