Acceptance and stigmatization of PLWA in Nigeria

Abstract

There is now an acknowledged burden of AIDS and the HIV in Nigeria. In treatment centres, AIDS-related disorders account for up to 40% of admissions, while many communities have recorded regular losses within the last five years. In December 1999, the federal government announced that 2.9 million people (or 5.4% of the Nigerian population) were already infected by HIV. An important aspect of HIV/AIDS programmes is the care of persons living with AIDS (PLWA), both in curative centres and in communities. Based on operations research of a STD/AIDS Management Project, this paper examines acceptance of PLWA in communities in Southern Benue State, an area of high prevalence. From interviews with PLWA, their family members and others in the communities, it was found that the level of stigmatization is high and acceptance of PLWA is low. These reactions stem mainly from the fear of contracting 'the disease that has no cure', believed to be transmittable through any form of physical contact. Based on beliefs, which are further reinforced by the local terms for AIDS, some suggested that PLWA be eliminated before they infect others. These findings suggest that the challenges of AIDS control programmes include coming to terms with the epidemic and fostering more acceptance for PLWA and, above all, changing the current perception of HIV/AIDS from a personal to public health problem. The challenges are daunting but urgent, particularly because Nigeria's HIV/AIDS epidemic is reaching an explosion phase and more care will be provided at home.