Changing HIV treatment expectancies: a pilot study

Abstract

Beliefs about HIV treatment efficacy, adherence self-efficacy, and side effects management are related cross-sectionally to adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the role of such expectancies held prior to the initiation of ART is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore feasibility, satisfaction, and preliminary effects of an intervention to address HIV treatment expectancies. ART naïve participants (N = 26) who were contemplating ART initiation were randomized to a single session group intervention or standard care control condition. The session included an exploration of expectancies; an education about ART efficacy, adherence, and side effects; and guided problem solving around adherence and side effects management. The pilot intervention was feasible and was rated highly satisfactory. Follow-up assessments demonstrated that intervention participants increased adherence self-efficacy and positive side effects expectancies relative to those in the control group (ps<.05). Findings have implications for nursing practice and further research in the area of HIV treatment expectancies and treatment readiness.

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grants K08MH01995 and an Innovative Grant under the NIMH –funded Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS; 5P30MH062246). The authors thank Jonelle Taylor for feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript and we thank the men and women who participated in the study.