Comparison of strategies to increase HIV testing among African-American gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Washington, DC

Abstract

This paper presents results from a study conducted to compare the relative effectiveness of three strategies – alternate venue testing (AVT), the social network strategy (SNS), and partner counseling and referral services (PCRS; standard care) – for reaching and motivating previously undiagnosed, African-American men who have sex with men (AA MSM) to be tested for HIV. Data were collected between June 2008 and February 2010 at a gay-identified, community-based organization (CBO) serving AA MSM in Washington, DC. Men were eligible to participate if they were 18–64 years old, self-identified as black or African-American, were biologically male, and self-reported oral or anal sex with a man in the past six months. Fisher's exact test of independence was used to assess differences in demographics, testing history, HIV status and sexual behaviors across the three strategies. The final sample included 470 men who met all eligibility requirements. There were no statistically significant differences in HIV positivity rates across the three strategies. However, relative to standard care, the SNS, and (to a lesser degree) the AVT strategies were more successful in recruiting men that had never been tested. Additionally, the results indicate that each strategy recruited different subgroups of men. Specifically, heterosexually identified men and men who reported engaging in unprotected sex were most likely to be recruited via SNS. Bisexually identified men and older men were most likely to be recruited via AVT or SNS, while standard care tended to reach greater proportions of young men and homosexually identified men. These findings suggest that a combination of strategies may be the best approach for engaging African-American MSM in HIV testing.

Keywords:

• African-American
• MSM
• HIV testing
• outreach strategies

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by a Cooperative Agreement from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contract # 1UR6 PS000330-01. The authors wish to acknowledge other members of the CDC Study Team, Mr Greg Millett, Dr Kenneth Jones, Dr Holly Fisher, and Mr Sekhar Thadiparthi for their outstanding contributions to this study. We also thank the study participants for making this effort possible.