Psychological and behavioral interventions to reduce HIV risk: evidence from a randomized control trial among orphaned and vulnerable adolescents in South Africa

ABSTRACT

Evidence-based approaches are needed to address the high levels of sexual risk behavior and associated HIV infection among orphaned and vulnerable adolescents. This study recruited adolescents from a support program for HIV-affected families and randomly assigned them by cluster to receive one of the following: (1) a structured group-based behavioral health intervention; (2) interpersonal psychotherapy group sessions; (3) both interventions; or (4) no new interventions. With 95% retention, 1014 adolescents were interviewed three times over a 22-month period. Intent-to-treat analyses, applying multivariate difference-in-difference probit regressions, were performed separately for boys and girls to assess intervention impacts on sexual risk behaviors. Exposure to a single intervention did not impact behaviors. Exposure to both interventions was associated with risk-reduction behaviors, but the outcomes varied by gender: boys reported fewer risky sexual partnerships (β = −.48, p = .05) and girls reported more consistent condom (β = 1.37, p = .02). There was no difference in the likelihood of sexual debut for either gender. Providing both psychological and behavioral interventions resulted in long-term changes in sexual behavior that were not present when either intervention was provided in isolation. Multifaceted approaches for reducing sexual risk behaviors among vulnerable adolescents hold significant promise for mitigating the HIV epidemic among this priority population.

KEYWORDS:

• Orphans and vulnerable children
• evaluation
• sexual risk behavior
• HIV prevention
• South Africa

Additional information

Funding

Funding for this project was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Southern Africa under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Cooperative Agreement No. [AID-674-A-12-00002] awarded to Tulane University and [GHH-I-00-007-00069-00] awarded to Social Sectors Development Strategies (SSDS) with Tulane University as a subcontractor. The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect those of USAID or the United States Government.