Design, validation and testing of short text messages for an HIV mobile-health intervention to improve antiretroviral treatment adherence in Mexico

ABSTRACT

Mobile Health (mHealth) interventions have become effective strategies to increase adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWH). mHealth interventions use phone calls, e-mails, smartphone apps or short text messages (SMS) as reminders of medical appointments or ART adherence. SMS are a highly accepted mHealth strategy. Systematized processes to validate SMS tailored to end-user preferences are required to increase the effectiveness of mHealth interventions. We describe a structured approach to develop a set of SMS tailored to Mexican HIV+ individuals, focused on improving ART adherence and healthcare appointments. The process included three sequential phases: SMS design by HIV-healthcare professionals, validation by expert referees, and testing by PLWH. A set of 108 SMS in four categories (motivational self-healthcare messages, ART-collection, medical and laboratory-appointment reminders) was designed. Expert referees assessed 94.5% of messages as adequate, 65.7% as useful. Seventy-one SMS were further tested by PLWH, who considered 100% of SMS to be understandable and 57.7% useful. SMS had adequate intra-judge agreement scores for clarity and acceptability (ICC-2 = .08–.49). Qualitative feedback from expert referees and PLWH was incorporated into SMS. A final set of 41 highest-rated SMS was obtained. Careful validation of SMS could increase the effectiveness of mHealth interventions.

KEYWORDS:

• HIV/AIDS
• medication adherence
• mhealth
• text messaging
• validation study

Acknowledgments

The authors are gratefully indebted to the study participants. The authors thank the HIV-healthcare professionals who participated on design and validation process: Karla Romero Mora, María Gómez Palacio Schjetnan, Akio Murakami Ogasawara, Yetlanezi Vargas Infante, Francisco Quezada Juárez, Graciela Guzmán Valdez, Uriel Contreras Osorio, Cecilia Alderete Aguilar, Rosa Cruz Maycott, and Flora Cano Jiménez. The authors thank Manya Magnus for her invaluable feedback and encouragement.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Ivonne Nalliely Pérez-Sánchez http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-1144

Evelyn Rodriguez-Estrada http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-8968

Nancy Patricia Caballero-Suárez http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-3054