Depression, social support, and stigma as predictors of quality of life over time: results from an Asha-based HIV/AIDS intervention in India

ABSTRACT

Quality of life (QOL) is associated with better outcomes in HIV/AIDS populations. We explored predictors of improved QOL over time in 600 Women Living with HIV/AIDS (WLH/A) in India [mean age = 34.31, SD = 6.97], enrolled in a nurse-led-Asha (Accredited Social Health Activist) intervention. Trained local interviewers ascertained self-report data at baseline and six-month follow-up (post-intervention). Latent Class Analysis (LCA) identified constellations of responses on psychosocial indicators (depression, social support, internalized stigma and stigma fears); their relationship with QOL over time was examined. We identified three classes: Class 1) Highest Social Resources/Lowest Depression; Class 2) Some Social Resources/Highest Depression; and Class 3) Lowest Social Resources/Higher Depression. At baseline, Class 3 reported the lowest QOL (M = 0.25, SD = 0.26); Class 1 reported the highest (M = 0.37, SD = 0.33). Class 2’s QOL did not differ from Class 3’s QOL, likely due to the potent effects of high depression. At six-month follow-up, all groups reported improved QOL; class membership no longer predicted variability (contrast between Class 2 and 1 = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.14, 0.04; contrast between Class 3 and 1 = 0.01, 95% CI = −0.03, 0.05; contrast between Class 3 and 2 = 0.07, 95% CI = −0.02, 0.16). Psychosocial indicators are important predictors of QOL; an Asha-supported approach may have broad applicability to improve QOL in WLH/A in India.

KEYWORDS:

• AIDS
• HIV
• quality of life
• stigma
• depression
• social support
• Latent Class Analysis

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [grant number K01AI118559]; National Institute of Mental Health [grant number R01MH098728].