Is access to medical care associated with receipt of HIV testing and counselling?

Abstract

Lack of timely HIV testing leads to missed prevention opportunities and poor prevention counselling may be related to further disease spread. We examined the association of self-reported access to medical care with receiving HIV testing and preventive counselling services among a sample of patients with HIV disease prior to hospitalization. We conducted a cross-sectional interview of 217 Los Angeles patients hospitalized with HIV-related illness between 1992 and 1993 and abstracted clinical data from the medical record. Eighty-four per cent of patients received HIV testing prior to hospitalization, but only 33% received preventive counselling services. Only 48% of all patients rated outpatient medical care as somewhat or very easy to obtain. Controlling for severity of illness, better access to outpatient medical care (OR=1.48; 95% CI=1.02-2.15), having a regular source of care (OR=3.40; 95% CI=1.29-8.97) and non-homosexual mode of HIV transmission (OR=0.31; 0.12-0.83) were associated with receiving HIV testing services prior to hospitalization. Having a regular source of care (OR = 3.55; 95% CI=1.37-9.22), being VA (Veterans' Administration) insured (OR=6.16; 1.46-26.05), older age (OR=0.95; 95% CI=0.90-0.99) and having a CD4 count between 101-200 (OR=0.19; 95% CI=0.06-0.63) were associated with receiving HIV counselling. Limited self-reported access to medical care is associated with fewer patients receiving HIV testing and counselling. Improving timeliness of HIV testing may require removing the barriers to medical care.