Radiation protocols determine acute graft-versus-host disease incidence after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in murine models

Abstract

Purpose: Effects of radiation sources used for total body irradiation (TBI) on Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) induction were examined.

Materials and methods: In a T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse model, single fraction TBI was performed with different radiation devices (⁶⁰Cobalt; ¹³⁷Cesium; 6 MV linear accelerator), dose rates (0.85; 1.5; 2.9; 5 Gy/min) and total doses before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Recipients were observed for 120 days. Different tissues were examined histologically.

Results: Acute GvHD was induced by a dose rate of 0.85 Gy/min (⁶⁰Cobalt) and a total dose of 9 Gy and injection of 5×10⁵ lymph node cells plus 5×10⁶ bone marrow cells. Similar results were obtained using 6 MV linear accelerator- (linac-) photons with a dose rate of 1.5 Gy/min and 0.85 Gy/min, a total dose of 9.5 Gy and injection of same cell numbers. TBI with ¹³⁷Cesium (dose rate: 2.5 Gy/min) did not lead reproducibly to lethal acute GvHD.

Conclusions: Experimental TBI in murine models may induce different immunological responses, depending on total energy, total single dose and dose rate. GvHD might also be induced by TBI with low dose rates.

Keywords:

• Total body irradiation
• dose rate
• graft versus host disease
• bone marrow transplantation
• mouse