Effects of gamma irradiation on morphology and protein differential in M1V1 population of Vanilla planifolia Andrews

Abstract

Purpose

Lower doses (1–10 Krad) of gamma-rays (γ) are frequently used in obtaining useful mutants in diverse plant species, whereas no report on gamma (γ) irradiation being used to develop new varieties of vanilla from vanilla cuttings. This study assessed the potential of lower doses of gamma-rays for vanilla mutation breeding.

Materials and methods

We compared the morphological differences between vanilla plants irradiated at different lower doses of gamma radiation (10, 30, 40, and 50 Gy). We quantified protein and compared variation from the extracted protein of vanilla shoots regenerated between treatments.

Results and conclusions

After 44 weeks, the results showed that the growth of M1V1 (mutation 1 in vegetative cycle 1) plants at 0 Gy (control) is highest compared with other doses of gamma radiation in terms of plant height and the number of shoots. However, the highest measurement for root length is at 10 Gy. The slowest growth rate was obtained from 40 to 50 Gy. Based on the unique band of protein that appears on the SDS-PAGE gel, 10 Gy has three unique bands at loci 0.105 RF, two bands lie at loci between 0.164 RF and 0.234 RF. While 30 Gy is absent two unique bands at loci 0.234 RF compared to 0 Gy. Thus, the dose of gamma rays at 10 Gy gave the highest number of protein fragments, which detected polymorphisms between the control (0 Gy) and the plants treated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the protein variation in M1V1 of irradiated vanilla plants.

Keywords:

• Vanilla planifolia Andrews
• mutation breeding
• γ-rays
• SDS-PAGE

Acknowledgments

We express our sincere gratitude to Amani Vanilla Temerloh for providing the plant materials for this study and Mr. Shuhaimi Shamsudin from Malaysian Nuclear Agency for the assistance and cooperation in this research. Special thanks to Mr. Adigun Basit Akolade for proofreading this manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Talent and Publication Enhancement-Research Grant (Vot number: 55278), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu for financial aid.

Notes on contributors

Rohayu Ma’Arup

Rohayu Ma’Arup is a Plant breeder and she initiates this research with the Vanilla industry and Nuclear Malaysia. She supervised Nur Syazwani Ali and Homaa Faezah Moinuddin for this research.

Nur Syazwani Ali

Nur Syazwani Ali is a student who conducts this research under Dr. Rohayu Ma’Arup and Dr. Fisal Ahmad supervision.

Fisal Ahmad

Fisal Ahmad supervised and helped in protein extraction, protein yield, SDS-PAGE, and fragments scoring.

Zaiton Ahmad

Zaiton Ahmad specializes in Mutation breeding of Horticulture Plant at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency and supervised gamma radiation and its services.

Mohamad Feisal Mohamed Norawi

Mohamad Feisal Mohamed Norawi contributed plant materials from his Vanilla farm and contribute advice for Vanilla cultivation for the whole research period.

Homaa Faezah Moinuddin

Homaa Faezah Moinuddin is a student who drafts this article under Dr. Rohayu Ma’Arup’s supervision.