Effects of pupal treatment with Proteus® and Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato on functional response of Habrobracon hebetor parasitising Helicoverpa armigera in an enclosed experiment system

ABSTRACT

The ectoparasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a valuable biocontrol agent attacking larval stages of many lepidopteran pests including Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The possibility of combined application of this parasitoid wasp with other biological control agents and chemical insecticides is necessary for the success of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programme. One of the most important behaviours of a parasitoid refers to the number of hosts attacked by per parasitoid as a function of host density. In this research, the single and joint effects of the insecticide, Proteus® and the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (Metsch.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) (isolate M14) were studied on the functional response of H. hebetor. Newly mated females (<24 h) from treated pupae of H. hebetor were used to study the functional response of this parasitoid wasp to different densities of H. armigera larvae. A type II functional response was observed in all treatments. The results revealed that control and Proteus® treatments developed the lowest (0.5599 ± 0.0373 h) and the highest (0.5709 ± 0.0443 h) handling time, respectively. The most and the least values of attack rate were observed in control (0.0996 ± 0.0164 h⁻¹) and Proteus® (0.0776 ± 0.0119 h⁻¹) treatments, respectively. The maximum theoretical parasitism rate (T/T_h) was estimated to be 42.86 for female control wasps. After conducting field experiments on functional response along with life table parameters, M. anisopliae sensu lato (isolate M14) may be used as a compatible biocontrol agent with H. hebetor in IPM programmes of H. armigera.

KEYWORDS:

• Proteus®
• Metarhizium anisopliae
• functional response
• Habrobracon hebetor
• Helicoverpa armigera
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Acknowledgements

This study received financial support from Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, which is greatly appreciated.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.