Attitudes and HRM decisions toward older workers in Africa: exploring contradictions through an empirical study

Abstract

We explored the attitudes toward older workers of African versus Portuguese managers, and how these managers make HRM decisions in scenarios involving younger versus older workers. To make cultural, social, and institutional explanations more robust, we also included two samples of students attending Portuguese universities: one sample comprising African students, the other comprising Portuguese ones. The main findings were: (a) a three-factor model (conscientiousness and performance; social capital and generosity; adaptability) of attitudes toward older workers emerged as satisfactory across the four samples; (b) in comparison with the Portuguese participants, African individuals expressed more positive attitudes toward older workers while, at the same time, discriminated against older workers more; (c) the findings were almost identical for both managers and students. Although African individuals showed more positive attitudes toward older workers than did the Portuguese, they made more discriminatory decisions in the HRM scenarios. We suggest that this contradiction may emerge from dualities characterizing Africa.

Keywords:

• Ageism
• discrimination
• managers’ attitudes toward older workers
• Africa
• paradox

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful for the helpful comments and recommendations of the two anonymous reviewers.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1 In absolute terms, however, the number of publications addressing African management has increased significantly (Kamoche, Chizema, Mellahi, & Newenham-Kahindi, 2012).

2 http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp.

3 We are grateful to the anonymous reviewer who pointed out this limitation.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), grant UID/GES/00315/2019. This work was also partially funded by National Funds through FCT—under the project Ref. UID/ECO/00124/2013, and by POR Lisboa under the project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007722.