Limited Statehood and its Security Implications on the Fragmentation Political Order in the Middle East and North Africa

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Notes

1. Krasner and Risse, “External Actors.”

2. Krasner, Sovereignty, 9.

3. Risse, Governance Without a State.

4. Ibid.

5. Thürer, ‘The Failed State’; Rotberg, “State Failure and State Weakness.”

6. Call, “The Fallacy of the Failed State”; Di John, ‘The Causes and Consequences Of’.

7. Grimm et al., “Fragile States.”

8. Call, “The Fallacy of the Failed State.”

9. Call, “Beyond the ‘Failed State’”, Hehir, “The Myth of the Failed State”; Hill, “Beyond the Other”; and Patrick, “Failed States and Global Security.”

10. Morris and Polese, The Informal Post-socialist Economy; Polese et al., The Informal Economy.

11. Chandler, “Responsibility to Protect?”; Call, “The Fallacy of the Failed State.”

12. Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament, Bourdieu, On the State, Hibou, “From Privatizing the Economy”; Jessop, The State: Past, Present and Future; Migdal, Boundaries and Belonging; Mitchell, “The Limits of the State”; Skocpol, “Bringing the State Back In”; and Tilly, “War Making and State Making.”

13. Ayubi, The Arab State; Dawisha and Zartman, Beyond Coercion; Hinnebusch, “Towards a Historical sociology”; Hudson, Arab Politics; Kienle and Sika, The Arab Uprisings; Saouli, The Arab State; and Owen, State, Power and Politics.

14. Hanau Santini and Tholens, “Security Assistance”; Hanau Santini, Limited Statehood; Hanau Santini and Moro, “Between Hierarchy and Heterarchy.”

15. Krasner, Sovereignty.

16. Cooley and Spruyt, Contracting States.

17. Brown, Walled States, 21.

18. Mayntz, Governance, 67.

19. Rosenau and Czempiel, Governance Without Government; Hooghe and Marks, Multilevel Governance; Kirchner and Sperling, Global Security Governance; and Benz, Governance.

20. Boege et al., “Hybrid Political Orders”; North et al., “Limited Access Orders.”

21. Klute and Embalò, The Problem of Violence.

22. Coggins, ‘Review of Risse’.

23. Péclard and Mechoulan, Rebel Governance.

24. Tilly, The Politics of Collective Violence, 12.

25. Boege et al., “On Hybrid Political Orders”; Meagher et al., “Unraveling Public Authority”; Menkhaus, “State Failure, State-building”; and Menkhaus, ‘Somalia: Governance.”

26. Schlichte, The Dynamics of States.

27. Mampilly, Rebel Rulers.

28. Kasfir, “Guerrillas and Civilian Participation,” 281, Kevlihan, Aid, Insurgency.

29. Olson, Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development; Mampilly, Rebel Rulers; and Tilly, “War Making and State Making.”

30. Mampilly, Rebel Rulers; Kalyvas, The Logic of Violence.

31. Krasner, Sovereignty.

32. Risse, Governance Without a State?

33. Donnelly, “Rethinking Political Structures.”

34. Ibid.

35. Hanau Santini and Moro, “Between Hierarchy and Heterarchy.”