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Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Marina Malamud, Alex Marshall, Tom Marks, and Tom Durell Young for comments on an earlier draft of this introduction
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1. Malamud, ‘The Environment as a Factor in Small wars’.
2. Krauss, ‘Beyond Reasonable Doubt’, 17–21.
3. Milman, ‘’We are damned fools’: scientist who sounded climate alarm in 80s warns of worse to come’.
4. Campbell and Parthemore, ‘National Security and Climate Change in Perspective’, 8–9.
5. Keohane, ‘The Global Politics of Climate Change: Challenge for Political Science’, 19.
6. Homer Dixon, ‘On the Threshold’, 84–85.
7. Milman, ‘‘we are damned fools’: scientist who sounded climate alarm in 80s warns of worse to come’.
Etkind, Russia Against Modernity
8. ‘Natural vs anthropogenic climate change’.
9. Wulf, The Invention of Nature, 57.
10. Welzer, Climate Wars, 27.
11. Homer-Dixon, ‘On the Threshold’, 78.
12. Zhang, ‘Global climate change, war, and population decline in human history’.
13. Zhang, David D et al, ‘Does climate change drive violence, conflict and human migration?’, 52.
14. Degroot, ‘Global Crisis, War, Climate Change @ Catastrophe in the 17th Century’,
15. Le Roy Ladurie, Times of feast and times of Famine: a history of climate since 1000.
16. Parker, Global Crisis, xiv.
17. Ibid, xviii.
18. McNeill, ‘Can History Help Us with Climate Warming?’ in Campbell, Climatic Cataclysm, 29–31.
19. Ibid, 502–503.
20. Ibid 508.
21. Osterhammel, The Transformation of the World, 382.
22. Wentzel, Climate Wars, 12–13, 67. Wentzel was not the first person to point to conflict in Darfur being at least partly shaped by climate change. Tim Flannery warned of this possibility as far back as 2005. See Flannery The Weather Makers, 123–134 and Bobbitt, Terror and Consent, 231.
23. Parker, Global Crisis, xiv-xv.
24. McNeill, ‘Can History Hep Us With Global Warming?’ 27.
25. Darbyshire and Weir, ‘How Does War Contribute to Climate Change?’.
26. McNeill. The Pursuit of Power, 223.
27. Migli, ‘The Use of Renewable Energy Sources in the Military’.
28. Laurence et al, ‘The Effect of Modern War and Military Activities’.
29. Jacobs, ‘Predictive Analytics’, 35. For a more general survey of the evolution of thinking in the DOD on the issue see Erickson, ‘Climate Change and the Department of Defence’.
30. Strachan’s objections hinged on a more general resistance to changing ‘strategic studies’ into a more broadly-based ‘security studies’. Strachan, ‘Strategy in the Twenty First Century’, 511–512.
31. Yergin, The New Map, 429–430.
32. Bobbitt, Terror and Consent 544.
33. Dyer, Climate Wars, 219–220.
34. ‘CIA Thought Putin Would Quickly Conquer Ukraine’, The Intercept, 5 October 2022
35. Gulledge, ‘Three Plausible Scenarios’ in Campbell, Climate Cataclysm, 52–3.
36. M. Sophia Newman, ‘Will Climate Change Spark Conflict in Bangladesh?’, The Diplomat June 27 2014
37. Goswami, ‘Bangladeshi Illegal Migration into Assam’, 2.
38. Raleigh, ‘Political Marginalisation, Climate Change and Conflict in African Sahel States’.
39. Owonikoko and Momodu, ‘Environmental degradation, livelihood and the stability of Chad Basin Region’.
40. For a recent study of the diplomatic impasse between the various states of East Africa over the management of the dam see Matthews and Vivoda, ‘‘Water Wars’: Strategic Implications of the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam’.
Additional information
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Paul B Rich
Paull B Rich is editor of Small Wars and Insurgencies. He has taught at the universities of Bristol, Warwick and Melbourne and has published extensively on insurgencies and counter-insurgency.