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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the fate of three tetracyclines (TCs), namely oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and doxycycline (DC) at two different full-scale swine manure-activated sludge treatment plants. Throughout treatment, OTC, CTC and DC were removed by 71–76%, 75–80% and 95%, respectively. Removal of these TCs under physical treatment was deniable. On the contrary, the flocculation–coagulation and the secondary clarification resulted in a relevant reduction of the concentration of these TCs.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Funding
This work was supported by the European Social Fund and the Castilla-León Administration (Education and Culture Department); Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2010–05634).