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ABSTRACT
This study applies a thermal separation process (TSP) to recover Fe, Mn, and Zn from hazardous spent zinc–carbon and alkaline batteries. In the TSP, the batteries were heated together with a reducing additive and the metals in batteries, according to their boiling points and densities, were found to move into three major output materials: slag, ingot (mainly Fe and Mn), and particulate (particularly Zn). The slag well encapsulated the heavy metals of interest and can be recycled for road pavement or building materials. The ingot had high levels of Fe (522,000 mg/kg) and Mn (253,000 mg/kg) and can serve as an additive for stainless steel-making processes. The particulate phase had a Zn level of 694,000 mg/kg which is high enough to be directly sold for refinement. Overall, the TSP effectively recovered valuable metals from the hazardous batteries.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
ORCID
Yi-Ming Kuo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-9884
Kuo-Lin Huang http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-8234