Synthesis of manganese–tin oxide microparticles by the solvothermal method and study of application as a catalyst and additive

ABSTRACT

Manganese–tin bimetallic oxide (MnSnO₃) is synthesized by the solvothermal approach using manganese acetate and stannic chloride as precursors and urea as a precipitating agent in an aqueous medium. The crystallinity, purity and lattice parameters of the product are analysed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphology of the product is analysed with the help of a scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized product is used as a fuel additive and catalyst. Synthesized MnSnO₃ is used as a catalyst for the degradation of an organic dye Congo red in the aqueous medium. Catalytic degradation is monitored at different concentrations of the catalyst and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the role of MnSnO_3, as an additive in diesel fuel, is studied. The efficiency of the modified fuel is analysed by studying the different parameters such as flash point, fire point, cloud point, pour point, calorific values and specific gravity. The values of these parameters change significantly by changing the dosage of the additive.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Microparticles
• manganese–tin oxide
• Congo red
• fuel
• additive

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.