ABSTRACT
Perchlorate () industrial wastewater requires efficient removal to prevent adverse environmental impacts, however, high concentration and low biodegradability give rise to poor
bioreduction performance.
-autotrophic granular sludge (
-AuGS) was firstly cultivated for high concentration perchlorate (
) removal in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor (
: 150 mg L−1). Simultaneously, the
was utilized to control the
generation as electron donor, the effluent
concentration (190 mg L−1) was satisfied with drinking water standard (250 mg L−1). Under the optimized condition of hydraulic retention time (HRT) (6 h) and
/
molar ratio (2.2), more EPS was secreted, which promoted the
-AuGS formation and stability. Though acclimation of 146 d, the
-AuGS was formed with a large average granular sludge size (612 μm) and an excellent settleability (sludge volume index: SVI5/SVI30 = 1). With the mature
-AuGS formation, the highest
and
loading was increased to 1.06 and 0.75 kg m−3 d−1. Interestingly, Georgfuchsia, Methyloversatilis, Sulfurisoma, and Exiguobacterium were the main microbial community in the
-AuGS. This study proposed to form a novel
-AuGS for developing the high
concentration removal performance and to utilize the
as an electron donor for controlling the excessive
generation.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.