Occurrence of the mutagenic compound ‘MX’ in drinking water and its removal by activated carbon

R.C. Andrews Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7, Canada

S.A. Daignault Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7, Canada

C. Laverdure Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7, Canada

D.T. William Environmental Health Directorate, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0L2, Canada

P.M. Huck Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7, Canada

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that the compound MX [3‐chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone] can account for up to 57% of the observed acid fraction mutagenicity of chlorinated drinking water. In the present study laboratory investigations showed MX to be very well removed by activated carbon over a wide concentration range. Samples obtained from two water treatment plants following pre‐chlorination showed MX to be present in the range of 38 to 60 ng L⁻¹. MX concentrations were not always correlated with TOC levels, suggesting that the type of organic matter present may play a role in MX formation. GAC appeared to be capable of removing MX precursors.

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Occurrence of the mutagenic compound ‘MX’ in drinking water and its removal by activated carbon

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Occurrence of the mutagenic compound ‘MX’ in drinking water and its removal by activated carbon

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