Estimating oxygen requirements and waste sludge from activated sludge with and without primary clarifiers treating municipal wastewater

Abstract

Many municipal activated sludge plants operate without a primary clarifier. Depending on the SRT of the system, this will markedly affect both oxygen requirements and sludge production as compared to the use of a primary clarifier. A design procedure and an example is presented to compute oxygen requirements and sludge yield with and without the use of primary clarifiers.