Validity and test–retest reliability of the six-spot step test in persons after stroke

ABSTRACT

Background and Purpose: After stroke, asymmetric weight distribution is common with decreased balance control in standing and walking. The six-spot step test (SSST) includes a 5-m walk during which one leg shoves wooden blocks out of circles marked on the floor, thus assessing the ability to take load on each leg. The aim of the present study was to investigate the convergent and discriminant validity and test–retest reliability of the SSST in persons with stroke. Methods: Eighty-one participants were included. A cross-sectional study was performed, in which the SSST was conducted twice, 3–7 days apart. Validity was investigated using measures of dynamic balance and walking. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of the measurement (SEM), and smallest real difference (SRD). Results: The convergent validity was strong to moderate, and the test–retest reliability was good. The SEM% was 14.7%, and the SRD% was 40.8% based on the mean of four walks shoving twice with the paretic and twice with the non-paretic leg. Conclusion: Values on random measurement error were high affecting the use of the SSST for follow-up evaluations but the SSST can be a complementary measure of gait and balance.

KEYWORDS:

• Balance
• reliability
• stroke
• validity

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the persons with stroke who volunteered to participate, and the physiotherapists who performed the data collection: Helena Tholin, Niclas Borgqvist, Ewa Petterson, and Anna Lövgren

Declaration of interest

The authors report no declarations of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Swedish Stroke Association: [Grant Number 2011], Norrbacka-Eugenia Foundation: [Grant Number 804-14], and the Research Committee, Örebro County Council: [Grant Number OLL-457471].