Abstract
Diagnostic criteria for opioid dependence is presented. Five methods are described to assess the presence and/or severity of the opioid dependence syndrome:
1.Self-report.
2.Physical examination
3.Toxicological analysis
4.Observation of withdrawal symptoms
5.Naloxone (Narcan) test.
Problems in determining actual amounts of heroin in “street deals” is also discussed. It is emphasised that assessment of heroin-related problems in particular, requires a comprehensive lifestyle assessment in addition to the specific diagnosis of opioid dependence based largely on physical symptomatology as outlined in this paper.
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Notes on contributors
Robert J. Williams
Both authors formerly Public Health Officers, Eastern Sydney Area Public Health Unit Previously general practitioner, Orange NSW, Australia.