Driving problems and adaptive driving behaviour after brain injury: A qualitative assessment

Abstract

One professional driving expert was interviewed after each of 22 on-road driving occasions with brain-injured patients. Driving problems were found in five prescribed qualitative dimensions: speed, manoeuvring, position, attention, and traffic behaviour. In addition, three non-prescribed qualitative dimensions were found: orientation, decision-making, and confidence. Also, adaptive aspects important for safe driving despite brain injury were identified: anticipatory attention, slowing down speed, interest and motivation for safe driving, and driving experience. The results are discussed in terms of a hierarchical model of driving performance. In addition, driving problems and adaptive aspects are discussed in relation to attention and information processing. Anticipatory attention is considered a working memory-based attention system, which is essential for driving quality. Practical implications are outlined, for example, educational practice for driving evaluators and adaptive driving behaviour for patients facilitating driving practice as a part of the rehabilitation programme.