Evaluation of neighborhood treatment systems for potable water supply

Abstract

Piped water is available in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, but residual disinfectant is not reliably found in the public drinking water supply. Lack of confidence in the public supply leads many residents to rely on bottled water. To provide consistent disinfection, two health clinics were equipped with ultraviolet disinfection systems, and neighboring households were encouraged to obtain their drinking water from the treatment systems. Use of the treated water declined from 62% of self-selected study participants at the time of the first visit to 40% at the second visit. During the first visit, diarrhea prevalence was similar among households using treated water and other water sources yet diarrhea prevalence was higher among households using the treated water during the second visit. Microbiological quality of the treated water in the homes was not demonstrably superior to that of other sources.

Keywords:

• drinking water
• domestic built environment
• diarrhea

Acknowledgements

This project was supported by the Johnson and Johnson Foundation, by tobacco settlement funds from the University of Texas at El Paso, and by the US EPA – Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program and US Department of Homeland Security University Programs (Grant # R83236201). Jay Graham assisted with the design of the study. Celina Beltran, Manuel Chew, Mariana Chew, and Zuzanne Martinez assisted with study implementation. Ada Mohd assisted with data analysis. Katharine Gleason assisted with the interpretation of results and editing of the manuscript.