ABSTRACT
The concentration of PTEs in the muscle of crabs, was meta-analyzed using a random-effects model based on countries’ subgroups. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks related to the ingestion of PTEs via the consumption of crab fish were estimated. The meta-analysis included one hundred and eight papers with 109 data reports. The rank order of PTEs based on pooled (mean) concentration in the muscle of crabs was Ni (4.490 mg/kg-ww) > Pb (1.891 mg/kg-ww) >As (1.601 mg/kg-ww) > Cd (1.101 mg/kg-ww). The results showed that adults and children consumers in many countries are at risk of non-carcinogenicity due to ingestion of Ni, Pb, As, and Cd and carcinogenicity risk due to As. Therefore, the bioaccumulation of PTEs in the muscle of crabs can be considered a global health risk. Hence, to decrease the health risk of PTEs in the muscle of crabs, continuous monitoring and reducing the emission of PTEs in aquatic environments are recommended.
Acknowledgements
This study was not supported.
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Author’s contribution
Mansour Sarafraz; screening of papers and data extraction; Yadolah Fakhri, Mansour Sarafraz Zoha Heidarinejad, Hosein Mohammadi, and Trias Mahmudiono: Supervision, Investigation, Resources, Conceptualization, Risk Assessment, Methodology, Writing original draft; Mansour Sarafraz and Yadolah Fakhri: Literature Searching, Writing & Editing; Trias Mahmudiono, Ja’far Mansur Khalaf Al-Khaza’leh; Allahbakhsh Javid; Yadolah Fakhri; Ali Atamaleki; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah: Writing & Editing; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah: Supervision.
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This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.