Models and analysis of stadium and commercial space integration: a case study from China

ABSTRACT

Stadiums that are solely used for athletic competitions can lead to a desolate post-event environment and the waste of resources. However, China still lacks systematic research on the integration models of and paths between stadiums and commercial spaces. This study identified models of stadium and commercial space integration, analyzed the associated factors, and proposed a development framework. The research methods included literature review, case data collection, pattern induction and expert interviews. By analyzing 58 cases, this study summarized eight models for stadium–commercial space integration; analyzed the correlation between different models and development types, land use environments, and business configurations; and conducted in-depth analysis of two cases. The findings indicate that an open mindset during the development stage can promote the emergence of new models, utilizing the land environment during the design stage can improve stadium utilization rate, and a multi-business configuration during the operation stage can promote the formation of urban vitality. A development framework is proposed, which emphasizes the collaboration of all stakeholders to optimize every step of the decision-making, construction and operation processes. These findings contribute to identifying development directions for stadiums in China and provide practical methods for the transformation of stadiums into dynamic urban complexes.

KEYWORDS:

• Stadium
• commercial space
• model
• integration
• development framework

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the sports building experts who agreed to be interviewed and provided suggestions.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant number 2021M701004) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program) (grant number 52278015).