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Notes
1. While innumerable new organisations have emerged in the wake of developments in information technology, these four have gained in strength over their 20–30 years' existence. For instance, CI was founded in 1960 as the International Organisation of Consumers' Unions (IOCU), and today has 250 member organisations in 115 countries, working together to defend the rights and concerns of consumers worldwide. IBFAN was founded in 1979 and now comprises 200 affiliated groups around the world dedicated to promoting healthy infant nutritional practices, in particular breastfeeding. PAN International was founded in 1982, and today encompasses over 600 member organisations around the globe; its current focus is on the promotion of food security and the dangers of adopting genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Established at the May 1981 World Health Assembly, HAI also has chapters for every continent working for universal access to appropriate healthcare and the rational use of drugs; a major focus has been on essential medicines and generic drugs, areas in which it collaborates closely with WHO.
2. The Alliance for a Corporate-Free UN is a global network of human rights, environmental, and development groups concerned about undue corporate influence in the UN, and supporting UN initiatives to hold corporations accountable on issues of human rights, labour rights, and the environment. For more information, see www.earthrights.org. See also Bruno and Karliner Citation(2002) for a critique of how corporate PR is enhanced by involvement with the UN but without the reciprocal obligation to make fundamental changes in their behaviour.