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Comprehensive Review

Differences in the association between empirically derived dietary patterns and cancer: a meta-analysis

, , , &
Pages 402-410 | Received 15 Sep 2016, Accepted 08 Nov 2016, Published online: 28 Nov 2016
 

Abstract

Plant-based dietary patterns have been associated with decreased cancer risk. The aim of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis of studies comparing empirically derived dietary patterns in relation to cancer risk. A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases was conducted. Eligible studies had an observational design and evaluated the association with cancer risk between a posteriori derived dietary patterns. Random-effects models were applied to calculate relative risks (RRs) of cancer between diets. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. An increased risk of cancer for the adoption of high-meat compared to plant-based dietary patterns was found (RR =1.64, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.63). Lower risk of cancer for individuals adopting a plant-based dietary pattern over a mixed one was found (RR =0.88, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.95). In conclusion, plant-based dietary patterns can be considered a healthy choice over meat-based dietary patterns.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.

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