Predictors of unplanned discharge from community-based residential mental health rehabilitation for people affected by severe and persistent mental illness

Abstract

Background

Little is known about what predicts disengagement from rehabilitation treatment for people affected by severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI).

Aims

To identify predictors of unplanned discharge among consumers admitted to community-based residential rehabilitation units in Australia.

Method

Secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study of consumers admitted to three Community Care Units (CCUs) between 2014 and 2017 (n = 139). CCUs provide transitional residential rehabilitation support to people affected by SPMI. Demographic, treatment-related and clinical predictors of unplanned discharge were identified using binomial regression models controlling for site-level variability. Factors associated with self- vs staff-initiated unplanned discharge were also examined.

Results

38.8% of consumers experienced unplanned discharge. Significant predictors of unplanned discharge were younger age, higher alcohol consumption and disability associated with mental illness, as well as recovery stage indicating a sense of growth and higher competence in daily task performance. 63.0% of unplanned discharges were initiated by staff, mostly for substance-related reasons (55.9%). History of trauma was more likely among consumers with self-initiated discharge than those with staff-initiated unplanned and planned discharge.

Conclusions

Assertive intervention to address alcohol-use, and ensuring care is trauma-informed, may assist in reducing rates of unplanned discharge from rehabilitation care.

Keywords:

• Patient discharge; psychiatric rehabilitation; residential treatment; schizophrenia; severe and persistent mental illness

Acknowledgements

The Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Branch provided financial support that enabled the timely completion of the project.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest in preparing this work.

Additional information

Funding

The Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Branch (Queensland) funded UA’s role in the project but had no input into any aspect of the study. DS is partially supported by an NHMRC ECF [APP1111136].