University students’ experience of the Beirut port explosion: associations with subjective well-being and subjective symptoms of mental strain

Abstract

Background

On 4 August 2020, an explosion shook Beirut, killing more than 200 people and leaving thousands injured or homeless.

Aims

This study examined mental health of university students through a cross-sectional online survey between December 2020 and January 2021.

Methods

The questionnaire consisted of the WHO-5, sense of coherence (SoC), future anxiety, self-developed subjective symptoms of mental strain (SSMS), and items assessing proximity to explosion, extent of injury and house damage. Gender, study level and social status were used as sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Of 1042 participants, 30.8% were at 0–7 km from explosion; 38.1% reported physical injuries; and 12.4% saw their home damaged. Two third (60.3%) reported ≥3 SSMS, and 73.4% reported low well-being. Students with low well-being were more often female and master students (p < 0.001). Females were more often affected by ≥3 SSMS (p < 0.001). Regression analysis with low well-being as dependent variable revealed significant associations with study level (OR: 2.30–2.94), future anxiety (OR: 2.72–4.34) and SoC (OR: 1.81–5.61). For ≥3 SSMS, females (OR: 3.09), moderate/very close distance (OR: 2.13–4.98), injury/death of family member or friend (OR: 2.07–2.06), house damage (OR: 1.72) future anxiety (OR: 1.97–3.11) and SoC (1.79–2.88) were significant predictors.

Discussion

Preventive mental health strategies that strengthen SoC and outlook on future could protect against SSMS and low well-being following major trauma.

Keywords:

• collective trauma
• Beirut port explosion
• mental health
• sense of coherence
• future anxiety
• young adults
• mental strain
• wellbeing

Acknowledgments

Special thanks to the Lebanese American University’s Department of Institutional Research and Assessment for hosting our survey and sending the invitation to students.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval was obtained from the Lebanese American University’s Institutional Review Board (IRB#: LAU.SOM.CB8.6/Nov/2020).

Author contributions

Carmel Bouclaous: Conceptualization, Design, Methodology, Supervision, Project Administration, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Interpretation, Visualization, Writing-Original Draft, Writing-Review & Editing Najat Fadlallah: Design, Investigation, Interpretation, Writing-Original Draft, Writing-Review & Editing Mohamad Othman El Helou: Investigation, Formal Analysis, Interpretation, Writing- Original Draft Kevin Dadaczynski: Formal Analysis, Interpretation, Visualization, Writing- Original Draft, Writing-Review & Editing.

Disclosure statement

No financial disclosures to be reported by the authors of this article.

Additional information

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.