Correlates of physical activity stages of change in people living with HIV in a Ugandan community

Abstract

Purpose

The transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavioral change posits that individuals move through five stages of change when adopting new behaviors: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with HIV/AIDS within a Ugandan fishing community in the different physical activity (PA) stages. We also explored differences in variables, motives, and barriers for PA across the stages.

Methods

In total, 256 individuals (77 men, 40.5 ± 10.3 years) completed the Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. They were also asked about their most important PA motive and barrier.

Results

Seventy-five individuals (29%) were in the (pre-)preparatory stages, 140 (55%) in the action and 41 (16%) in the maintenance stage. Those in the (pre-)preparatory stages had higher PHQ-9 total scores (p < 0.001) and were more likely to report barriers than those in the later stages (p < 0.001). Compared with those in the (pre-)preparatory stage, patients in the action stage experienced less body weakness (p = 0.015).

Conclusions

Depression and barriers to PA should be considered in people with HIV/AIDS in low-resource settings when implementing interventions to assist them to become more active.

Implications for rehabilitation

• People with HIV/AIDS are among the most physically inactive clinical populations.

• Clinicians should consider depression when motivating patients with HIV in low resourced settings to become active.

• Clinicians should consider body weakness when motivating patients with HIV in low resourced settings to become active.

Keywords:

• Physical activity
• stages of change
• body weakness
• depression
• exercise

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by the Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad, Belgium (Global Minds O6313).