Needs and wishes for the future lower limb exoskeleton: an interview study among people with spinal cord injury with community-based exoskeleton experience

Abstract

Purpose

Exoskeleton use by people with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in daily life is challenging. To optimize daily exoskeleton use, a better understanding of the purpose of use and the accompanying improvements are needed. The perspective of experienced exoskeleton users could guide design improvements.

Methods

Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were held with 13 people with SCI with exoskeleton experience. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and analysed thematically.

Results

Participants expressed three future purposes of exoskeleton use: for daily activities (e.g., stair climbing), exercise (e.g., staying healthy), and social interaction (e.g., standing at parties). Exoskeleton use during daily activities was the ultimate goal. Therefore, the future exoskeleton should be: easy to use, small and lightweight, tailor made, safe, comfortable, less distinctive, durable, and affordable. Improving the ease of use was relevant for all purposes, for all participants. The other suggestions for improvement varied depending on the purpose of use and the participant.

Conclusion

Increasingly more advanced improvements are needed to transition from an exercise purpose to social interaction, and ultimately use during daily activities. In the current study, detailed suggestions for improvements have been made. Only when multiple of these suggestions are adjusted, can the exoskeleton be used to its full potential.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

• The use of an exoskeleton by people with a complete spinal cord injury in daily life is still in its infancy.

• To optimize daily exoskeleton use, a better understanding of the purpose of use and exoskeleton improvements is needed.

• More advanced improvements to future exoskeletons are needed to make a transition from use as an exercise device to use during social interaction and daily activities.

• Improving the ease of use of future exoskeletons is considered a priority by experienced users, followed by making the exoskeleton small, lightweight, and tailor made.

Keywords:

• Spinal cord injury
• lower limb exoskeleton
• user experience
• qualitative study
• improvements

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work is part of the research programme Wearable Robotics with project number P16-05, which is (partly) financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).