Prevalence of bilateral vestibulopathy among older adults above 65 years on the indication of vestibular impairment and the association with Dynamic Gait Index and Dizziness Handicap Inventory

Abstract

Purpose

To estimate the prevalence of bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) and evaluate the association with, and concurrent validity of the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) in diagnosing BV based on video head impulse test (vHIT) among older adults ≥65 years referred to a geriatric falls clinic on suspicion of vestibular impairment.

Materials and methods

The vHIT was applied as a reference standard of BV to estimate diagnostic parameters for optimal cut-off scores of DGI and DHI applied separately and in combination.

Results

Two-hundred medical records were reviewed (70% women, mean age 79.4 years). The prevalence of BV was 9%. DGI was weakly associated with BV: Odds Ratio (OR) 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01; 1.31), with a 93% sensitivity and 47% specificity of a cut-off score of 16. The total score of DHI showed no association with BV: OR 1.01 (95% CI: 0.98; 1.04). The concurrent validity for BV and DGI and/or DHI were found to be inadequate.

Conclusions

A prevalence of 9% underlines the relevance for assessment of BV. Only a weak association between DGI and/or DHI and BV was found. Thus, vHIT remains the preferred test for detecting BV in geriatric fall assessments.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

• Bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) has numerous negative consequences for older adults and the prevalence is high among older adults referred to a geriatric falls clinic on suspicion of vestibular impairment.

• The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) are not valid alternatives to the Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) when assessing BV among geriatric outpatients.

Keywords:

• Outcome measures
• bilateral vestibulopathy
• video head impulse test
• Dynamic Gait Index
• Dizziness Handicap Inventory
• geriatric outpatient

Disclosure statement

There are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet.