The correlates and reference values for the 6-minute walk distance in Taiwanese adults with schizophrenia

Abstract

Purpose

The study aimed to identify the factors associated with the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and to provide reference values for the 6MWD in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) in Taiwan.

Methods

A proportional stratified sampling method was utilized based on distribution of gender, age and body mass index (BMI) at the study hospital. The 6-minute walk test was conducted according to the American Thoracic Society protocol.

Results

A total of 237 patients with SCZ completed the 6-minute walk test. The 6MWD was significantly associated with age, height, weight, and length of the onset of SCZ. Stepwise linear regression revealed that height and age were significant determinants of 6MWD. The reference values for males and females at different age groups were determined. Notably, females over 60 walked substantially shorter than the age younger than 60.

Conclusions

Height and age were the main predictors for 6MWD among people with SCZ in Taiwan. The established reference values can be used to identify those at risk of poor cardiorespiratory fitness and as a target outcome during exercise programs in psychiatric rehabilitation. Our results highlight that older females with SCZ may be a priority group to target with exercise interventions to mitigate the faster decline in cardiorespiratory fitness.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

• Height and age were predictors of 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in schizophrenia (SCZ).

• The established age- and gender reference values for the 6MWD can be used to identify those at risk of poor cardiorespiratory fitness.

• Females with SCZ over age 60 may be a priority group to target with exercise interventions to mitigate the faster decline in cardiorespiratory fitness.

Keywords:

• 6-Minute walk test
• psychiatric
• schizophrenia
• functional performance
• cardiorespiratory fitness

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Huei-Lan Lu, Wen-Yin Lin, Po-Yen Chen, Fang-Chun Kuo, and Yen-Wen Tseng for helping in data collection. The work was enhanced by the assistance of Wen-Guang Lee. The authors would like to thank all colleagues who contributed to this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare [2017-A02].