Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Purpose

To translate and culturally adapt the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI) into Turkish and assess the psychometric properties of the translated version.

Methods

A forward–backward translation process was conducted in conformity with international guidelines. A total of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) completed the Turkish version of DQoL-BCI (DQoL-BCI-Tr). The factor structure, test–retest reliability, and construct validity were evaluated.

Results

In the DQoL-BCI-Tr, the three-factor structure was found optimal and explained 68.7% of the variance. The DQoL-BCI-Tr showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.98). Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.85 to 0.91 for subscales (satisfaction, worry, impact). A negative correlation was found between the total scores of the DQoL-BCI-Tr and the EuroQoL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) indexes (r= −0.22, p < 0.01). The DQoL-BCI-Tr total score and satisfaction and worry subscale scores differentiated between groups defined by glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c>9%) and the use of insulin.

Conclusions

The study results showed that the DQoL-BCI-Tr can be served as a reliable and valid instrument to obtain information from Turkish patients with T2DM diagnosis, including satisfaction with treatment, the impact of the disease, and worry about the social/vocational issues.

Implications for rehabilitation

• The Turkish version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI) is a valid and reliable instrument.

• The DQoL-BCI Questionnaire in Turkish (DQoL-BCI-Tr) is an easy and quick way to determine satisfaction with treatment, impact of disease, and worry about the social/vocational issues.

• The DQoL-BCI-Tr is a reliable instrument for assessing disease-specific effects, emotional loads, and satisfaction of Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes in clinical and research settings.

Keywords:

• Validity
• reliability
• patient satisfaction
• health impact assessment
• questionnaires

Author contributions

Contributing to the conception and design: TÇS, IK, ÖÖ, ED, and TB. Analyzing and interpreting data TÇS, IK, ED, and RÇ. Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content: TÇS, ÖÖ, and TB. Conducting outcome assessments; IK, ED, and RÇ. Approving the final version to be published: TÇS, ED, ÖÖ, IK, RÇ, and TB. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Ethics statement

This study was approved by the Bitlis Eren University Ethics Committee (approval number: 21/11-1 E.1276). The study protocol was prospectively registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database NCT05407454.

Disclosure statement

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

None.