Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Oswestry disability index for Mexican population

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to adapt a Spanish translation of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) into a cross-cultural version for the Mexican population. The objectives were to verify the validity and reliability of the adapted ODI and to compare pain perception between patients with and without obesity.

Material and methods

We included 102 patients with low back pain from two neurosurgery departments in Mexico. The ODI questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted. Validity and construct were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis, and the external convergent validity was assessed by correlating ODI scores with pain intensity, age, and obesity. Test-retest reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient, and confirmatory analysis was employed to validate the factorial structure.

Results

Patients with obesity were older and had higher pain scores than patients without obesity. The exploratory analysis of the ODI in Mexican Spanish showed good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.923) and validity (factorial loading range, 0.681 − 0.818). The confirmatory analysis showed almost null or very low discrepancy between the proposed model and the real data.

Conclusions

A Spanish translation of ODI was cross-culturally adapted for the Mexican population. The Mexican version of the ODI showed good reliability and validity in Mexican culture.

Implications for rehabilitation

• The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a widely used tool to measure physical disability in daily activities due to low back pain.

• A Spanish-language version has not been culturally adapted and validated for Mexican habits and lifestyle.

• This study describes the process of the Spanish ODI translation and cultural adaptation, showing it is a reliable and valid tool for assessing disability in patients with low back pain, with a good factorial structure.

Keywords:

• Low back pain
• surveys and questionnaires
• pain
• cross-cultural comparison
• disability evaluation
• oswestry disability index

Acknowledgments

The authors declare that a written permission was signed and obtained from Mapi Research Trust ® and this is proof that they had the right to use the ODI. Another permission is to be obtained for all use.

Authors Contributions

Study concept and design: Salvador Manrique-Guzman & Claudia Lerma

Data acquisition and analysis: Salvador Manrique-Guzman & Caroline M. Larocque-Guzman, Francisco R. Revilla-Pacheco, Tenoch Herrada-Pineda, Júlia Moscardini-Martelli and Claudia Lerma

Statistics/verified analytical method: Salvador Manrique-Guzman, Abel Lerma, and Claudia Lerma

Read and approved final version: All authors.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The authors confirm that all data supporting the finding of this study are available within the supplementary material and can be send upon a valid request.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.