71
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Bernard Faÿ, Antoine Compagnon: the modern/anti-modern, or the delicate balance of the ‘Entre-Deux’

 

ABSTRACT

This article examines Antoine Compagnon’s Le cas Bernard Faÿ: du Collège de France à l’indignité nationale in the light of Compagnon’s intellectual trajectory and in connection with his conception of modernity, in particular French modernity. A sum of contradictions, at once modern and anti-modern, modernity is for Compagnon essentially ambivalent. Its emblem is Baudelaire, whose aesthetic predilection for the modern beauty of the present was paradoxically entwined with his hatred for modernization. Compagnon sets Baudelaire’s intensely nostalgic and somehow already postmodern modernity against the effusive ideology of ‘modernism,’ identified with the cult of progress, the equation between aesthetics and politics, and the lyric militancy of the avant-garde. Through the Janus-like figure of Bernard Faÿ, a modernist aesthete who was Gertrude Stein’s best friend and who turned into a collaborator and a persecutor of Freemasons during the Second World War, Compagnon excavates, at the crossway between aesthetics and politics, at the intersection of modernism and fascism, the contradictions of modernity and the paradoxes of the history of twentieth-century France. In the meantime, going against the linear grain of the great modernist narrative, Compagnon defines the tasks of the new literary history of modernity.

RÉSUMÉ

Cet article examine Le cas Bernard Faÿ: du Collège de France à l’indignité nationale d’Antoine Compagnon à la lumière de la trajectoire intellectuelle de Compagnon, et en relation avec sa conception de la modernité, et plus particulièrement de la modernité française. Tout à la fois moderne et antimoderne, essentiellement ambivalente, la modernité selon Compagnon est une somme de contradictions, un ‘monstre incompréhensible’. Son poète emblématique en est Baudelaire, dont la prédilection esthétique pour la beauté moderne du présent est indissolublement et paradoxalement liée à sa haine de la modernisation. Compagnon oppose ainsi la modernité baudelairienne, intensément nostalgique et post-moderne avant l’heure, à l’enthousiasme idéologique du ‘modernisme’, qu’il identifie au culte du progrès, à l’identification de l’esthétique au politique, et au lyrisme militant des avant-gardes. Bernard Faÿ, esthète moderniste et meilleur ami de Gertrud Stein, se transforma pendant la seconde guerre mondiale en collaborateur de premier plan et fut à l’origine de la persécution des francs-maçons. À travers cette figure double, au carrefour de l’esthétique et de la politique, là où se croisent le modernisme et le fascisme, Compagnon exhume les contradictions de la modernité et explore les paradoxes de l’histoire de la France du vingtième siècle. Dans le même temps, à rebours de la logique linéaire du grand récit moderniste, il définit les tâches de la nouvelle histoire littéraire de la modernité.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1. All translations are my own unless specified otherwise.

2. Faÿ had suffered from polio in his childhood, and limped.

3. For a fine discussion of Faÿ’s relationship with Stein and America through the prism of the body and joy, see Will Citation2013, 28–31.

4. The expression is, in Five Paradoxes of Modernity, Compagnon’s nod to his master in paradoxes, Blaise Pascal.

5. The phrase is the title of the first chapter of Le Cas Bernard Faÿ.

6. About the ‘ideology’ of the Contre Sainte-Beuve within French literary studies, see Maingueneau Citation2006.

7. The ‘arrière-gardes’ constitute for Marx ‘the hidden face of modernity.’ “Introduction - Penser les arrières-gardes.“ Les arrières-gardes au vingtième siècle. L'autre face de la modernité esthétique.” Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 2008, 5-19. See Marx, Citation2008.

8. “Ghostly Demarcations,” The Nation, February 15, Citation2010.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.