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Articles

Houellebecq antilibéral, du sexe à l’islam

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RÉSUMÉ

Michel Houellebecq n’est pas seulement un romancier; c’est aussi un personnage. Ce redoublement accompagne un double jeu qui définit sa posture: il suggère le second degré, mais il rappelle qu’il faut l’entendre au premier. En même temps qu’il ambitionne de rendre compte du monde, il revendique son refus de lui rendre des comptes politiquement et devant la justice. On partira de ce double jeu pour penser ensemble l’œuvre et le personnage, la littérature et l’idéologie. On s’attachera donc aux deux enjeux qui ont constitué les deux « scandales » principaux de cette carrière littéraire: le sexe et l’islam. On montrera d’abord comment le large succès de cette œuvre, en France et dans le monde, tient à sa capacité à résonner avec l’actualité, jusqu’à donner le sentiment de la préfigurer. On s’interrogera ensuite sur les tensions qui travaillent cette évolution. En effet, comment concilier la critique initiale du libéralisme sexuel hérité de mai 68 avec la charge contre l’islam qui est prise depuis le 11 septembre 2001 dans la rhétorique mondialisée du « conflit (sexuel) des civilisations » ? C’est dans l’affirmation de la masculinité blanche, dont Michel Houellebecq est le héros paradoxal, que se résout cette contradiction.

ABSTRACT

Michel Houellebecq is not only a novelist he is also a character in his own work as well as on the cinema screen and in media. This doubling is accompanied by a double-bluff that defines his literary persona: he is equally dramatically over-the-top and seeking to be taken seriously; his work suggests irony, but he underlines that he should be understood at face value. At the same tame as aiming to make sense of the world, he refuses to be held accountable to it. This article starts from this idea of the double-bluff so as not to be fooled by it: it will consider the work and the character together, but also the literature and the ideology it engages. We will focus particularly on the two major scandals of Houellebecq’s literary career: firstly the sex in Extension du domaine de la lutte and Les Particles élémentaires, then Islam in Plateforme and Soumission. This essay will consider how the success of these novels in France and around the world can be attributed to the way in which they resonate with contemporary news events, almost going as far as anticipating them – such as the return of debates around sexual identity in the French public sphere at the end of the 1990s to the rise of identitarian politics as a result of Islamophobia since the 2000s. It then considers the tensions responsible for this evolution in Houellebecq’s work, speculating how to reconcile the initial critique of post 1968 liberalism with the apparent anti-Islamic turn since 11 September 2001 in the global rhetoric of ‘the clash of civilisations. The affirmation of white male identity, of which Houellebecq is the paradoxical hero resolves this contradiction post ‘Charlie’.

Déclaration de divulgation

Aucun conflit d’intérêts potentiel n’a été rapporté par le(s) auteur(s).

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