Environmental Impact Assessment, ecosystems services and the case of energy crops in England

Abstract

A consequence of the increased requirements for renewable energy is likely to be allocation of more land to bio-energy crop production. Recent regulatory changes in England, as in other parts of the UK, mean that changes in land-use are increasingly subject to screening through Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This paper reviews these regulatory changes and explores the potential benefits of incorporating a fuller examination of ecosystem services within EIA procedures. The authors argue that such an approach could help achieve sustainability by identifying the best options within an area, rather than concentrating on the negative effects of selected proposed projects. It could also help highlight the benefits provided by existing and proposed agricultural, forestry, peri-urban and urban systems. However, successful implementation of an ecosystem services approach would also require a greater understanding of the societal preferences for the full range of ecosystem services at a landscape scale, aswell as the trade-offs and synergies between uses of specific services.

Keywords:

• ecosystem services
• environmental assessment
• agriculture
• land-use planning, biomass
• stakeholders

Acknowledgments

The research described in this paper was funded by the Natural Environment Council (NERC) in its Land Based Renewables programme. The project, EnergyScapes and Ecosystem Services has received valuable comments from a range of stakeholders. The authors would like to thank all those who have commented, including other team members and the referees who have improved this paper. The lead author would also like to thank the School of Earth andEnvironment at the University of Leeds and the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Birmingham for facilitating the work that led to this paper.