Collective (white) memories of Māori language loss (or not)

Abstract

Language policies have a better chance of succeeding if they align with the persuasions of the polity, and this is only more pronounced in the case of endangered languages, such as Te Reo (the Māori language) in New Zealand. There, a comprehensive suite of laws, policies, and programmes are in place to acknowledge and reverse the linguistic consequences of British colonisation and previous laws of linguistic assimilation. However, this history and benevolent rationale are generally hidden in policy documents and only implied in public discourse. Drawing on the findings of a large-scale qualitative online survey that obtained folk linguistic knowledge and beliefs about language revitalisation in New Zealand, this paper identifies whether non-indigenous youth claim Te Reo is or is not endangered, and analyses the diachronic and synchronic sociolinguistic reasoning these youth use to arrive at their claims. In doing so, the paper also draws on collective memory theory in sociology to especially consider whether, and to what extent, the folk linguistic commentary of these non-indigenous youth sustains a collective memory of Te Reo language loss at the hands of colonial Pākeha forefathers.

Keywords:

• folk linguistics
• language attrition
• language awareness
• Maori
• New Zealand
• language ideology

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to the students at the University of Otago who participated in this research, as well as to the university's student centre and the Te Tumu School of Māori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies for facilitating this project.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Funding

This work was partly supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme [project number 223265].

Notes on contributors

Nathan John Albury

Nathan John Albury received the MA degree in linguistics from the University of New England in Australia. He is a PhD researcher at the Center for Multilingualism in Society across the Lifespan at the University of Oslo. He is undertaking a research on folk linguistic knowledge and beliefs among indigenous and non-indigenous youth in New Zealand about language revitalisation as a policy project