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Gender, Place & Culture
A Journal of Feminist Geography
Volume 20, 2013 - Issue 2
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Articles

From the stigmatized tattoo to the graffitied body: femininity in the tattoo renaissance

Desde el tatuaje estigmatizado al cuerpo graffiti: femineidad en el renacimiento del tatuaje

Pages 236-252 | Published online: 01 May 2012
 

Abstract

This article analyzes the spectacularly rising popularity of tattoos by showing that tattoos have become a spatial project in the largest sense: the way they participate in the creation of social space is different from that of tattoos before the Tattoo Renaissance. I explain this project as a shift from tattoos to body graffiti. In the past (predominantly male) tattoo-spheres could be located within the margins of society. Once an identity had been assumed through the adoption of a tattoo, the person could be assigned a particular geographical position within an urban sphere. Contemporary tattoos have this one-dimensional identifying function to a much lesser extent, which influences the way in which these tattoos create space. Within the new tattoo space, the skin does not wear the stigmatic mark, nor does it function as a screen of male desire, but it becomes a wall on which multiple desires are projected. In this sense, tattoos have become graffiti. I establish the particularity of the female tattoo as opposed to the masculine tattoo by focusing on an important element of the pro/contra discussion of female tattoos: the purity and ‘blankness’ of the female skin. Jean Baudrillard's concept of the blank female skin as a ‘void’ that men rush to fill with their own desires is central to this discussion. Finally, I show that the spatial function of narcissistically oriented female tattoos is at least partly established within the Suicide Girls interactive website.

Este artículo analiza la espectacularmente creciente popularidad de los tatuajes mostrando que los tatuajes se han vuelto un proyecto espacial en el sentido más amplio: la forma en la que participan en la creación del espacio social es diferente de aquella de los tatuajes antes del Renacimiento del Tatuaje. Explico este proyecto como un cambio del tatuaje al graffiti corporal. En el pasado, las esferas del tatuaje (predominantemente masculinas) podían ser ubicadas dentro de los márgenes de la sociedad. Una vez que una identidad había sido asumida a través de la adopción de un tatuaje, la persona podía ser asignada a una posición geográfica particular dentro de una esfera urbana. Los tatuajes contemporáneos tienen esta función identificatoria unidimensional en un grado mucho menor, lo que influye en la forma en que estos tatuajes crean espacio. Dentro del nuevo espacio del tatuaje, la piel no viste la marca estigmática, ni tampoco funciona como una pantalla para el deseo masculino, sino que se vuelve un muro sobre el cual se proyectan múltiples deseos. En este sentido, los tatuajes se han vuelto graffitis. Establezco la particularidad del tatuaje femenino en oposición al masculino centrándome sobre un importante elemento de la discusión pro/contra los tatuajes femeninos: la pureza y la ‘vaciedad’ de la piel femenina. El concepto de la piel femenina en blanco de Jean Baudrillard como un ‘espacio vacío’ que los hombres se apuran a llenar con sus propios deseos es central en esta discusión. Finalmente, muestro que la función espacial de los tatuajes femeninos orientados hacia el narcisismo es al menos en parte establecida dentro del sitio Web interactivo de las Suicide Girls.

Notes

1. The term chora is discussed in Plato's Timaeus (52d) and has been important for Heidegger and Derrida. It is a ‘space containing space’ thus sparking an infinite series of containments. It is neither being nor non-being but a time/space interval.

2. The field of academic literature covering tattoos and their historical, socio-anthropological, technical, clinical and aesthetic aspects is extremely vast. I mention here only those works explicitly dealing with female tattoos. Of more general importance are Atkinson (Citation2003) and Hewitt (Citation1997).

3. For example: Tattoo (1981) dir. Bob Brooks; The tattoed woman [Irezumi] (1981) dir. Yoichi Takabayashi; Eastern promises (2007) dir. David Cronenberg.

4. Manga is the Japanese word for ‘comics’. Manga follow aesthetic and dramatic requirements that are different from those of Western comics.

5. Akira is a manga series by Katsuhiro Otomo that exists also as anime (animated cartoon).

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