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Gender, Place & Culture
A Journal of Feminist Geography
Volume 23, 2016 - Issue 1
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Articles

Crafting masculinities: gender, culture and emotion at work in the surfboard industry

Pages 36-54 | Received 19 Dec 2013, Accepted 10 Jun 2014, Published online: 09 Jan 2015
 

Abstract

This article examines the masculinities of male workers in the context of an emotionally rich form of labour: surfboard-making. Contributing to emerging research around the emotional and embodied dimensions of men's working lives, the article maps the cultural, emotional and embodied dimensions of work onto masculine identity construction. Combining cultural economy theory, emotional geographies and in-depth ethnographic methods, I reveal how surfboard-making has become a gendered form of work; how jobs rely on (and impact) the body and what surfboard-making means to workers outside of financial returns. Following a manual labour process, and informed by Western surfing subculture, commercial surfboard-making has layered onto male bodies. Men perform ‘blokey’ masculinities in relation with one another. However, doing manual craftwork evokes close, personal interaction; among co-workers but also through engagements with place and local customers. Felt, embodied craft skills help workers personalise boards for individual customers and local breaks. Beneath masculine work cultures and pretensions, surfboard-making is a deeply emotional and embodied work. Labour is dependent on haptic knowledge: sense of touch, bodily movement and eye for detail. Contrasting their blokey masculinity, surfboard-makers rely on intimate links between their bodies, tools, materials, customers and surfing places. These ‘strong bodied’ men articulate a ‘passion’ and ‘love’ for ‘soulful’ jobs, demonstrating how waged work comprises alternative masculinities, shaped by working culture, relations and labour processes. A cultural economy framework and emotionally engaged research approach are valuable for challenging hegemonic masculinity, important for achieving more inclusive, tolerant and equitable workplaces.

La elaboración de masculinidades: la acción del género, la cultura y la emoción en la industria de las tablas del surf

Este artículo examina las masculinidades de los hombres trabajadores en el contexto de una forma emocionalmente rica de trabajo: la fabricación de tablas de surf. Contribuyendo a una creciente investigación alrededor de dimensiones emocionales y encarnadas de las vidas de trabajo de los hombres el artículo mapea las dimensiones culturales, emocionales y encarnadas del trabajo en la construcción de la identidad masculina. Combinando la teoría económica cultural, geografías emocionales y métodos etnográficos en profundidad, revelo cómo la fabricación de las tablas de surf se ha vuelto una forma de trabajo generizada; cómo los trabajos dependen del (e impactan) el cuerpo y lo que significa la fabricación de las tablas de surf para los trabajadores fuera de las ganancias económicas. Siguiendo un proceso de trabajo manual, y guiada por la subcultura del surf occidental, la fabricación comercial de las tablas de surf ha ido revistiendo los cuerpos masculinos. Los hombres performan masculinidades “estereotipados” entre ellos. Sin embargo, el hacer trabajo artesanal evoca una interacción personal, cercana; entre compañeros de trabajo pero también a través de interacciones con el lugar y con clientes locales. Las capacidades artesanales encarnadas y sentidas ayudan a los trabajadores a personalizar las tablas para los clientes individuales y las rompientes locales. Detrás de las culturas y pretensiones del trabajo masculino, la fabricación de tablas de surf es una tarea profundamente emocional y encarnada. El trabajo es dependiente de conocimientos hápticos: sentido del tacto, movimiento corporal y buen ojo para los detalles. En contraste con su masculinidad estereotipada, los fabricantes de tablas de surf dependen de los íntimos lazos entre sus cuerpos, herramientas, materiales, clientes y lugares para surfear. Estos hombres “con cuerpos fuertes” articulan una “pasión” y “amor” por sus trabajos “sentimentales”, demostrando cómo el trabajo pago comprende masculinidades alternativas, delineadas por la cultura y las relaciones de trabajo y los procesos laborales. Un marco de economía cultural y un abordaje de investigación emocionalmente comprometido son valiosos para desafiar la masculinidad hegemónica e importantes para lograr lugares de trabajo más inclusivos, tolerantes e igualitarios.

打造男性气概:冲浪板工业中发生的性别、文化与情绪

本文检视情绪上具有丰富形式的劳动脉络中,男性工人的男性气概:冲浪板的製作。本文将工作的文化、情绪与身体化面向,绘製于男性认同的建构之上,以此对浮现中的男性工作生活的情绪与身体化面向之相关研究作出贡献。我结合文化经济理论、情绪地理学与深度民族志方法,揭露冲浪板製作如何成为性别化的工作形式;该工作如何依赖(并影响)身体,以及製作冲浪板对工人在金钱回馈之外的意义为何。随着人力劳动过程、并受到西方冲浪次文化的影响,商业冲浪板的製作在男性的身体上层层堆叠。男性向他人展演“青春”男性气概。但从事工艺工作,亦在同事之间,以及透过与地方及当地顾客的交往,引发亲密、私人的互动。可被感受的身体化工艺技巧,协助工人为每位顾客与在地浪形量身打造个人化的冲浪板。製作冲浪板,在男性气概的工作文化和展演之下,却是个深度情绪化与身体化的工作。劳动需依赖触感知识:接触的感觉、身体移动和对细节的关注。与他们所展现的“青春”男性气概相反的是,冲浪板的製作者,倚赖其身体、工具、物质、顾客与冲浪地点之间的亲密联结。这些“身强体壮”的男性,接合了“充满精神”的工作中的“热情”与“爱”,展现出受薪工作如何包含了由工作文化、关係与劳动过程所形塑的另类男性气概。文化经济的架构,以及涉入情绪的研究方法,可用于挑战霸权男性气概,而此对于达到更加接纳、包容和公平的工作环境而言相当重要。

Acknowledgements

The author would like to sincerely thank the research participants who gave willing of their time and provided access to workplaces and working lives. Thanks also go to Peter Hopkins and anonymous reviewers who provided comments and generous feedback on an earlier version of this article.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Andrew Warren

Andrew Warren is lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Wollongong, Australia. Andrew's research interests lie at the intersections of regional development, industrial change and employment relations. His work is informed by cultural political economic theory and feminist economic geographies. Andrew completed his Ph.D. dissertation in 2012 on the survival of local craft-based custom surfboard manufacturers in the context of pervasive shifts, at a global scale, towards automated, standardised mass production. Andrew has also written about other forms of cultural production (such as music and custom car design) and examined the associated working experiences within such industries. He has published in scholarly journals such as Environment and Planning A, The Journal of Pacific History and Ethnic and Racial Studies.

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