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Gender, Place & Culture
A Journal of Feminist Geography
Volume 23, 2016 - Issue 2
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Foreign Travel, Transnational Sex, and Transformations of Heterosexualities

‘Playing family’: unruly relationality and transnational motherhood

Pages 243-256 | Received 28 Jun 2013, Accepted 02 Sep 2014, Published online: 22 Apr 2015
 

Abstract

Scholarly literature on interpersonal relationships between tourist women and local men has been largely discussed under the heteronormative framework of love and sexuality. However, the plenitude of ways in which these intimacies manifest themselves requires that we pay attention to the manifold forms of heterosexual relatedness that these intimacies generate. This article considers how intimate liaisons between Western women and Balinese men that commenced as holiday romances in Bali transform into unruly relationality and transnational motherhood. Focusing the analysis on women's narratives, the article explores how subjects engage in the production of sexual, reproductive, social and economic forms of transnational relatedness wherein the mother and child live permanently in the women's country of citizenship while the Balinese father remains in Bali. Rather than aspiring towards a monogamous relationship and cohabitation as heteronormativity prescribes, the article demonstrates how these non-conventional, transnational families perpetually challenge the nuclear family norm, boundaries of normative motherhood and dichotomies of home versus away.

‘Jugar a la familia’: relacionalidad rebelde y maternidad transnacional entre mujeres occidentales y hombres balineses

La literatura académica referida a las relaciones interpersonales entre mujeres turistas y hombres locales se ha discutido mayormente bajo un marco de trabajo heteronormativo de amor y sexualidad. Sin embargo, la plenitud de las formas en las que estas intimidades se manifiestan requiere que prestemos atención a las múltiples formas de relacionamiento heterosexual que estas intimidades generan. Este artículo considera cómo las relaciones íntimas entre mujeres occidentales y hombres balineses que comenzaron como romances de vacaciones en Bali se transforman en una relacionalidad rebelde y una maternidad transnacional. Centrándose en el análisis de las narrativas de las mujeres, el artículo explora cómo los sujetos participan en la producción de formas sexuales, reproductivas, sociales y económicas de relacionamiento transnacional en las que la madre y el/la niñx viven de forma permanente en el país de ciudadanía de la mujer mientras que el padre balinés permanece en Bali. En vez de aspirar a la relación monógama y de cohabitación como prescribe la heteronormatividad, el artículo demuestra cómo estas familias no convencionales transnacionales desafían permanentemente la norma familiar nuclear, los límites de la normatividad maternal y las dicotomías de hogar versus afuera.

‘扮演家庭’:西方女性与巴厘岛男性之间难以驾驭的关係性与跨国母职

有关女性游客和当地男性间的人际关係之学术文献,已在爱与性慾的异性恋常规框架下,进行大幅的探讨。但这些亲密性自我呈现的丰富方式,需要我们关注这些亲密性生产的异性恋关係性的多重形式。本文考量西方女性与巴厘岛男性,在巴厘岛的假日罗曼史中发生的亲密联繫,如何转变成难以驾驭的关係性和跨国母职。本文聚焦女性的叙事分析,探讨主体如何涉入跨国关係性中的性、再生产、社会与经济形式之生产,其中母亲和小孩永久定居在母亲拥有公民身份的国家,而来自巴厘岛的父亲,则居留在巴里岛。与其嚮往异性恋常规所限定的一夫一妻关係与夫妻同居,本文显示出这些跨国的非传统家庭,如何不断挑战核心家庭常规、规范性的母职疆界,以及家与离家之间的二元对立。

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Susan Frohlick, Margaret Jolly, Tyrell Haberkorn, Dunja Cvjeticanin, Erin Pugh, Pamela Moss and the three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on the earlier draft of this article.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ana Dragojlovic

Ana Dragojlovic is an anthropologist who works in the areas of gender and mobility from the perspective of queer and feminist theory and critical masculinity studies. Her more recent interests are centered around critical approaches to historical trauma and related therapeutic discourse and practice. Her regional specialization reflects her interest in diasporas and empires and includes Indonesia, the Netherlands and Afro-Asian connections (particularly in relation to the Afro-Caribbean).

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