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Gender, Place & Culture
A Journal of Feminist Geography
Volume 24, 2017 - Issue 6
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Articles

Gendering pastoral power: masculinity, affective labour and competitive bonds of solidarity among Filipino migrant men in Saudi Arabia

Generizar el poder pastoral: masculinidad, el trabajo afectivo y los lazos competitivos de la solidaridad entre los hombres inmigrantes Filipinos en Arabia Saudita

性别化教牧权力:沙乌地阿拉伯内的菲律宾男性移民的男性气概、情绪劳动与竞争性团结连带

Pages 823-833 | Received 17 Dec 2014, Accepted 11 Jul 2015, Published online: 07 Nov 2015
 

Abstract

This article draws on Foucault’s concept of pastoral power to understand Filipino men’s care work and the making of migrant masculinities in Saudi Arabia. Feminist scholars have indicated the gendered nature of pastoral power and emphasized what Young refers to as the ‘logic of masculinist protection’ that characterizes the contemporary security state. However, the notion of pastoral power invites further consideration of the taken for granted cultural assumptions about the way that hegemonic masculinity and forms of homosociality are characterized mainly by aggression, competition and dominance. Men’s talk about and practical involvement in assisting fellow migrants in diasporic settings foregrounds the way that an ethics of care runs up against and is entangled with the competitive bonds of masculine solidarities. While markers of material success are privileged in measuring migrant men’s accomplishments in country of origin, practices of care become central to men’s achievement of symbolic power and social legitimacy especially among their peers in the diaspora. That spatialization is also linked to temporally shifting models of masculinity and normative expectations about men over the life course.

Resumen

Este artículo se basa en el concepto de Foucault de poder pastoral para comprender el trabajo de cuidado de los hombres filipinos y la formación de las masculinidades migrantes en Arabia Saudita. Los investigadores feministas han señalado la naturaleza generizada del poder pastoral y han enfatizado lo que Young refiere como la “lógica de la protección masculinista” que caracteriza al Estado de seguridad contemporáneo. Sin embargo, la noción del poder pastoral invita a una mayor consideración de los supuestos culturales que se dan por hechos sobre la forma en que la masculinidad hegemónica y las formas de homosocialidad son caracterizadas principalmente por medio de la agresión, la competencia y la dominancia. El cómo hablan los hombres de la asistencia a sus compañeros migrantes en los ambientes diaspóricos y su participación práctica en ella, destaca la forma en que la ética del cuidado se enfrenta con los lazos competitivos de las solidaridades masculinas y se entremezcla con ellos. Mientras los marcadores del éxito material son privilegiados al medir los logros de los hombres inmigrantes en el país de origen, las prácticas del cuidado se vuelven centrales para lograr el poder simbólico y la legitimidad social, especialmente entre sus pares en la diáspora. Esta espacialización también está ligada a modelos temporalmente cambiantes de la masculinidad y a expectativas normativas de los hombres a lo largo de la vida.

摘要

本文运用傅柯的教牧权力之概念,理解沙乌地阿拉伯中的菲律宾男性的照护工作,以及移民男性气概的创造。女性主义学者已指出教牧权力的性别化本质,并强调艾丽斯.杨(Young)所指称的当代安全国家以之为特徵的“男性气概式保护逻辑”。但教牧权力的概念,邀请进一步思考下列被认为是理所当然的文化预设:将侵略、竞争与支配视为霸权男性气概与同性社会链结形式的主要特徵之方式。男性在离散的环境中,有关实际参与协助移民同侪的讨论,凸显出照护伦理遇见男性气概团结的竞争连带、并与之相互交缠的方式。儘管在母国,衡量移民男性的成就时,物质上的成功印记受到青睐,但照护行为亦成为男性获得象徵性权力和社会正统性的核心,特别是在离散社群的同侪之间。此般空间化,同时连结至生命轨迹中,男性气概以及对男性的规范式期待的暂时性模型转换。

Acknowledgement

I am grateful for the comments of workshop participants and especially to Eric Thompson, Johan Lindquist, Ward Keeler and Shahram Khosravi. I remain indebted to my late colleague, Alicia Pingol.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Funding

The work presented in this article derives from the ‘Footsteps’ project on migrant and diasporan Filipinos [AHRC grant AH/E508790/1/APPID:123592].

Notes

* The article was first presented at the ‘Transnationalism, Gender Hierarchies and Masculinity in Asia’ Workshop at the Asia Research Institute, National University Singapore, 11–12 March 2013 and completed while a visiting scholar in the Department of Anthropology, Stockholm University in 2014 funded by the Forum for Asian Studies.

1. Philippine Embassy Advisory No. 190 – 2012 (http://riyadhpe.dfa.gov.ph/index.php/site-administrator/advisories/203-host-govt-policy-on-the-formation-of-organizations). The list of Philippine Embassy Accredited Organizations that I draw on is from August 2010 and identifies some 135 accredited community organizations (https://www.facebook.com/notes/filipinos-in-saudi-arabia/list-of-accredited-community-partner-philippine-embassy-riyadh/147926435231255).

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