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Abstract
This article examines the EU's role in the emergence of international development policy in the 10 member states from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Development policy provides useful insights into policy making as it is a key way that states operationalise their foreign policy. Thus, development policy gives us insights into the foreign policy priorities of the new member states. This article reviews the emergence and elaboration of policy relating to international development in the new member states and explores how far we have witnessed the Europeanisation of development cooperation in CEE states.
Notes
An earlier version of this article was presented at the UACES CRN workshop ‘EU Foreign Policy of New Member States’, University of Kent, 15 July 2009. Thanks to participants for their comments, especially Julie Smith and Amelia Hadfield. I would like to thank Irene Lindenhovius Zubizarreta for her invaluable research assistance. We would also like to thank all the officials from the various CEE states and NGOs who agreed to be interviewed. It builds upon and develops ideas and material contained in both Lightfoot (Citation2008) and Vittek and Lightfoot (forthcoming). This research was funded by the British Academy (SG-46721) and the Elisabeth Barker Fund, whose support is acknowledged with thanks. Thanks also to Neil Winn and Simonida Kacarska for comments on the final draft.
The 10 CEE states are Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.
The acquis communautaire refers to the entire body of European laws, all 80,000 pages of it, that includes all the treaties plus legislation passed by the European institutions.
Interview by the author, European Commission official, Brussels, 30 October 2007.
Interview by the author, Belgian MFA official, Brussels, 29 October 2007.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 30 October 2007.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 30 October 2007.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 31 October 2007.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 29 October 2007.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 31 October 2007.
For sectoral breakdowns for 1990–1995 see Smith (Citation1999).
The main issue was the question of money in relation to EDF contributions. This was dealt with in Chapter 29 (budget) and agreement there was much more difficult (Dauderstädt Citation2002).
This means that they will contribute to the 10th EDF, which runs from 2008 to 2013 and has been allocated [euro]22.682 billion.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 30 October 2007.
All new member states from the 2004 enlargement attended briefings over two days from officials from IrishAid.
For a full list of all activities organised to support enlargement in this policy area see: http://ec.europa.eu/development/body/organisation/eu_enlargement_en.htm, accessed 11 November 2009.
See Papadimitriou and Phinnemore (2005) for a more detailed study of twinning in one accession state.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 30 October 2007.
Interview by research assistant, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 26 November 2007.
Author's interview, Alessandro Battilocchio MEP, Bucharest, 2 October 2008.
Interview by the author, European Commission official, Brussels, 30 October 2007.
See Edwards (Citation2006) on foreign policy and the 2004 enlargement, and Bechev (Citation2009) on foreign policy and the 2007 enlargement.
Interview by the author, Romanian MFA official, Bucharest, 2 October 2008.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 29 October 2007.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 30 October 2007.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 29 October 2007. It should be noted that many of those 10 people were only employed for the duration of the Slovenian EU Presidency.
Interview by the author, New Member State Permanent Representation, Brussels, 31 October 2007.