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Abstract
Residents of the Komi Republic have enjoyed some benefits from the oil industry, through taxation, jobs and business opportunities. They have also suffered repeated oil spills, including one of the world's largest in 1994. Since most petroleum taxes go to Moscow for redistribution, the economic benefits are limited, and are focused in urban centres. Rural populations, who suffer most from oil spills, experience benefits primarily through companies’ social projects. We analyse local perceptions of the corporate social responsibility performance of Lukoil-Komi and consider how a weak—or ‘phantom’—social licence to operate can lead to open protest.
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Notes
1 Exceptions may be found, for instance the Sakhalin-2 and Yamal LNG (liquefied natural gas) projects, where multinational corporations, under the influence of international financial institutions, corporate policies and a globalised civil society, have developed programmes directed at indigenous peoples featuring systematic local consultation and co-governance arrangements (Novikova & Wilson Citation2013; Tulaeva & Tysiachniouk Citation2017; Wilson Citation2017).
2 See also Henry et al. (Citation2016).
3 ‘Komi Republic, Russia’, RussiaTrek.org, 2019, available at: http://russiatrek.org/komi-republic, accessed 24 June 2019.
4 ‘Vserossiiskaya perepis’ naseleniya 2010/Itogi’, 2010, available at http://komi.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/komi/ru/census_and_researching/census/national_census_2010/score_2010/score_2010_default, accessed 24 June 2019.
5 Interview with journalist, Usinsk, 27 March 2014.
6 ‘Federativnyi dogovor’, 1992, available at: http://base.garant.ru/170280/#friends, accessed 24 June 2019.
7 This was known as the clarification ‘On the verification of compliance with the Constitution of certain provisions of the constitutions of the Republic of Adygea, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Republic of Komi, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Republic of Tatarstan, following the request of a group of deputies of the State Duma’, available in Russian at: http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/82298/, accessed 24 June 2019.
8 Interview with environmentalist, Syktyvkar, 9 June 2015.
9 Interview with two experts from Lukoil, Moscow, 24 January 2014.
10 Interview with two experts from Lukoil, Moscow, 24 January 2014.
11 ‘Russia’, United Nations Global Compact, available at: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/engage-locally/europe/russia, accessed 24 June 2019.
12 ‘Social Charter of the Russian Business’, Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, 2019, available at: http://eng.rspp.ru/simplepage/860, accessed 24 June 2019.
13 Global Reporting Initiative, available at: https://www.globalreporting.org/Pages/default.aspx, accessed 24 June 2019.
14 See, for example, Lukoil (Citation2014, pp. 66–7).
15 For more detail, see Tysiachniouk et al. (Citation2017).
16 Interview with entrepreneur, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
17 Interview with journalist, Usinsk, 27 March 2014.
18 Interview with retired road builder, Usinsk, 23 March 2014.
19 Interview with activist, Novik Bozh, 17 November 2013.
20 Interview with activist, Kolva, 16 November 2013.
21 Interview with activist, Kolva, 16 November 2013.
22 Interview with transport worker, Kolva, 16 November 2013.
23 Interview with transport worker, Kolva, 16 November 2013.
24 Observation, village meeting with 14 villagers, Novik Bozh village library, 17 November 2013.
25 Interview with entrepreneur, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
26 Interview with teacher, Vertep, 13 June 2015.
27 Interview with retired official, Shelyayur, 13 June 2015.
28 Interview with young man, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
29 Interview with activist, Kolva, 16 November 2013.
30 Interview with teacher, Novik Bozh, 17 November 2013.
31 Interview with teacher, Vertep, 13 June 2015.
32 Interview with retired official, Shelyayur, 13 June 2015.
33 Interview with activist, Novik Bozh, 17 November 2013.
34 See also Tysiachniouk et al. (Citation2017).
35 Interview with activist, Ust’ Usa, 19 November 2013.
36 See also Pappila et al. (Citation2017).
37 Interview with two entrepreneurs, Kolva, 16 November 2013.
38 Interview with official from Usinsk District administration, Usinsk, 27 March 2014.
39 Interview with environmentalist, Syktyvkar, 9 June 2015.
40 Interview with two entrepreneurs, Kolva, 16 November 2013.
41 Interview with activist, Ust’ Usa, 19 November 2013.
42 Interview with entrepreneur, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
43 Interview with entrepreneur, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
44 Interview with young man, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
45 Interview with entrepreneur, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
46 Interview with reindeer herder, Mutnyi Materik, 24 March 2014.
47 Interview with official from Usinsk District administration, Usinsk, 27 March 2014.
48 See also Pappila et al. (Citation2017).
49 Interview with official from Usinsk District administration, Usinsk, 27 March 2014.
50 Interview with official from Izhma District administration, Izhma, 15 June 2015.
51 Interview with official from Usinsk District administration, Usinsk, 27 March 2014.
52 Interview with former official, Izhma, 12 June 2015.
53 Interview with retiree, Mutnyi Materik, 25 March 2014.
54 Interview with teacher, Ust’ Usa, 19 November 2013.
55 Interview with official, Mutnyi Materik, 24 March 2014.
56 Interview with activist, Ust’ Usa, 19 November 2013.
57 Interview with retiree, Mutnyi Materik, 25 March 2014.
58 Interview with activist, Izhma, 16 June 2015.
59 Interview with activist, Novik Bozh, 17 November 2013.
60 Interview with official from Usinsk District administration, Usinsk, 27 March 2014.
61 ‘Indigenous People of Komi Decide to Kick Lukoil Out of Their Lands’, Greenpeace, 4 April 2014, available at: http://m.greenpeace.org/new-zealand/en/high/blog/indigenous-people-of-komi-decide-to-kick-luko/blog/48808/, accessed 17 April 2018.
62 See Pierk and Tysiachniouk (Citation2016).
63 Interview with entrepreneur, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
64 ‘From “Cold War” to a Dialog: The Transformation of the Relations of Oil Industry Workers and Izhma Komi’, Finugor, 30 August 2015, available at: http://finugor.ru/node/48453, accessed 17 April 2018.
65 Interview with entrepreneur, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
66 Interview with entrepreneur, Krasnobor, 13 June 2015.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Emma Wilson
Emma Wilson, Associate of the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Email: [email protected]
Kirill Istomin
Kirill Istomin, Komi Science Centre, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russian Federation. Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]