Notes
1. Hickman, ‘Locating the Irish Diaspora’, Citation8.
26. B. Farrell, ‘Birmingham's Darkest Day’, Irish Post, 30 November 1999, p. 31.
28. This study, carried out the mid-1990s, was a two year qualitative research project involving over thirty Irish-born gay men, aged sixteen to twenty-seven.
41. The study was commissioned in 1997 by the Birmingham Irish Community Forum and funded by the Irish Government (Dion) and Focus Housing Group (see Williams and Mac an Ghaill, Health, Accommodation and Social Care Needs).
48. B. Canavan, ‘The Voice of the Irish in ’60s London’, Irish Post, 25 December 1999, p. 4.
52. J. O'Sullivan, ‘If You're Hip, You Must be Irish’, Independent, 1 July 1996, p. 14.
56. Haywood and Mac an Ghaill, Men and Masculinities.
60. Sherlock, ‘Globalisation’.
62. Arrowsmith, ‘“To Fly by Those Nets”’, 324.
63. Eagleton, Heathcliff and the Great Hunger, 227.
65. Brah et al., Global Futures.
68. Bhabha, ‘“The Managed Identity”’, xvi–xvii.
Hickman
,
M.J.
2002
.
Locating the Irish Diaspora
.
Irish Journal of Sociology
,
11
(
2
)
:
8
–
26
.
Connolly
,
L.
2003
.
Theorizing Ireland: Social Theory and the Politics of Identity
.
Sociology
,
37
(
1
)
:
173
–
82
.
Gray
,
B.
1997
.
“
Unmasking Irishness: Irish Women, the Irish Nation and the Irish Diaspora
”
. In
Location and Dislocation in Contemporary Irish Society: Emigration and Irish Studies
,
Edited by:
Mac Laughlin
,
J.
209
–
35
.
Cork
:
Cork University Press
.
Graham
,
C.
2001
.
Deconstructing Ireland: Identity, Theory and Culture
,
Edinburgh
:
Edinburgh University Press
.
Appadurai
,
A.
1991
.
“
Global Ethnoscapes: Notes and Queries for a Transnational Anthropology
”
. In
Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present
,
Edited by:
Fox
,
R.G.
191
–
210
.
Santa Fe
:
School of American Research
.
Glick Schiller
,
N.
,
Basch
,
L.
and
Blanc
,
S.C.
1992
.
Toward a Transnational Perspective on Migration: Race, Class, Ethnicity and Nationalism Reconsidered
,
New York
:
New York Academy of Science
.
Popoviciu
,
L.
and
Mac An Ghaill
,
M.
2004
.
“
Racism, Ethnicities, and British Nation-making
”
. In
Social Inequalities in Comparative Perspective
,
Edited by:
Divine
,
F.
and
Waters
,
M.C.
89
–
115
.
Oxford
:
Blackwell
.
Haywood
,
C.
and
Mac An Ghaill
,
M.
2003
.
Men and Masculinities: Theory, Research and Social Practice
,
Buckingham
:
Open University Press
.
Graham
,
B.
and
Nash
,
C.
, eds.
2000
.
Modern Historical Geographies
,
Harlow
:
Pearson
.
Haywood
,
C.
and
Mac An Ghaill
,
M.
2003
.
Men and Masculinities: Theory, Research and Social Practice
,
Buckingham
:
Open University Press
.
Jameson
,
F.
1991
.
Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism
,
London
:
Sage
.
Bhabha
,
H.
1986
.
“
‘The Managed Identity’—Foreword: Remembering Fanon
”
. In
Black Skin, White Masks
,
vii
–
xxv
.
London
:
Pluto Press
.
by F. Fanon, translated by C. L. Markham
Renan
,
E.
1990
.
“
What is a Nation?
”
. In
Nation and Narration
,
Edited by:
Bhabha
,
H.
8
–
22
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Keith
,
M.
1993
.
Race, Riots and Policing: Lore and Disorder in a Multi-racist Society
,
London
:
UCL Press
.
Mac Laughlin
,
J.
2001
.
Reimagining the Nation-state: The Contested Terrains of Nation-building
,
London
:
Pluto Press
.
Gray
,
B.
1997
.
“
Unmasking Irishness: Irish Women, the Irish Nation and the Irish Diaspora
”
. In
Location and Dislocation in Contemporary Irish Society: Emigration and Irish Studies
,
Edited by:
Mac Laughlin
,
J.
209
–
35
.
Cork
:
Cork University Press
.
Gray
,
B.
2002
.
The Irish Diaspora: Global Belonging(s)
.
Irish Journal of Sociology
,
11
(
2
)
:
123
–
44
.
Gray
,
B.
2002
.
The Irish Diaspora: Global Belonging(s)
.
Irish Journal of Sociology
,
11
(
2
)
:
123
–
44
.
Kearney
,
R.
1998
.
Across the Frontiers: Ireland in the 1990s
,
Dublin
:
Wolfhound Press
.
Smyth
,
J.
1995
.
States of Change: Reflections on Ireland in Several Uncertain Parts
.
Feminist Review
,
50
:
24
–
53
.
Mac Laughlin
,
J.
2001
.
Reimagining the Nation-state: The Contested Terrains of Nation-building
,
London
:
Pluto Press
.
Curtis
,
L.
1985
.
Nothing but the Same Old Story
,
London
:
Information on Ireland Press
.
Hickman
,
M.J.
and
Walter
,
B.
1997
.
Discrimination and the Irish Community in Britain
,
London
:
Commission for Racial Equality
.
Mac An Ghaill
,
M.
1999
.
Contemporary Racisms and Ethnicities: Social and Cultural Transformations
,
Buckingham
:
Open University Press
.
Keith
,
M.
1993
.
Race, Riots and Policing: Lore and Disorder in a Multi-racist Society
,
London
:
UCL Press
.
Williams
,
I.
,
Dunne
,
M.
and
Mac An Ghaill
,
M.
1996
.
The Economic Needs of the Irish Community in Birmingham
,
Birmingham
:
Birmingham City Council
.
Gilroy
,
P.
1993
.
Small Acts: Thoughts on the Politics of Black Culture
,
London
:
Serpent's Tail
.
Mac Laughlin
,
J.
2001
.
Reimagining the Nation-state: The Contested Terrains of Nation-building
,
London
:
Pluto Press
.
Mercer
,
K.
and
Julien
,
I.
1988
.
“
Race, Sexual Politics and Black Masculinities: A Dossier
”
. In
Male Order: Unwrapping Masculinity
,
Edited by:
Rutherford
,
J.
and
Chapman
,
R.
97
–
164
.
London
:
Lawrence & Wishart
.
Kinealy
,
C.
1999
.
A Disunited Kingdom? England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales
,
Cambridge
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Hickman
,
M.J.
and
Walter
,
B.
1999
.
The Irish in Contemporary Britain
,
London
:
Longman
.
Williams
,
I.
and
Mac An Ghaill
,
M.
1998
.
Health, Accommodation and Social Care Needs of Older Irish Men in Birmingham
,
Birmingham
:
The Irish Government's Dion Fund and Focus Housing Group
.
Campbell
,
S.
2000
.
“
Beyond ‘Plastic Paddy’”: A Re-examination of the Second Generation Irish in England
”
. In
The Great Famine and Beyond
,
Edited by:
McRaild
,
D.M.
134
–
45
.
Dublin
:
Irish Academic Press
.
Mac An Ghaill
,
M.
1999
.
Contemporary Racisms and Ethnicities: Social and Cultural Transformations
,
Buckingham
:
Open University Press
.
Inglis
,
T.
1987
.
The Moral Monopoly: The Catholic Church in the Modern Irish State
,
Dublin
:
Gill & Macmillan
.
Warner
,
M.
1993
.
Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory
,
London
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Boyce
,
D.G.
and
O'day
,
A.
, eds.
1996
.
The Making of Modern Irish History: Revisionism and the Revisionist Controversy
,
London
:
Routledge
.
O'toole
,
F.
1987
.
The Politics of Magic: The Work and Times of Tom Murphy
,
Dublin
:
Raven Arts Press
.
Appadurai
,
A.
1991
.
“
Global Ethnoscapes: Notes and Queries for a Transnational Anthropology
”
. In
Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present
,
Edited by:
Fox
,
R.G.
191
–
210
.
Santa Fe
:
School of American Research
.
Glick Schiller
,
N.
,
Basch
,
L.
and
Blanc
,
S.C.
1992
.
Toward a Transnational Perspective on Migration: Race, Class, Ethnicity and Nationalism Reconsidered
,
New York
:
New York Academy of Science
.
Walter
,
B.
1995
.
Irishness, Gender and Place
.
Society and Space
,
13
:
35
–
50
.
Connolly
,
L.
2003
.
Theorizing Ireland: Social Theory and the Politics of Identity
.
Sociology
,
37
(
1
)
:
173
–
82
.
Renan
,
E.
1990
.
“
What is a Nation?
”
. In
Nation and Narration
,
Edited by:
Bhabha
,
H.
8
–
22
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Cairns
,
D.
and
Richards
,
S.
1988
.
Writing Ireland: Colonialism, Nationalism and Culture
,
Manchester
:
Manchester University Press
.
Nash
,
C.
1993
.
Remapping and Renaming: New Cartologies of Identity, Gender and Landscape in Ireland
.
Feminist Review
,
44
:
39
–
57
.
Nandy
,
A.
1991
.
The Intimate Enemy
,
New Delhi
:
Oxford University Press
.
Eagleton
,
T.
1995
.
Heathcliff and the Great Hunger: Studies in Irish Culture
,
London
:
Verso
.
Walshe
,
E.
1997
.
Sex, Nation and Dissent in Irish Writing
,
Cork
:
Cork University Press
.
Connell
,
R.
1995
.
Masculinities
,
Sydney
:
Allen & Unwin
.
Nash
,
C.
1997
.
“
Embodied Irishness: Gender, Sexuality and Irish Identities
”
. In
Search of Ireland: A Cultural Geography
,
Edited by:
Graham
,
B.
108
–
27
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Greenslade
,
L.
1992
.
“
White Skin, White Masks: Psychological Distress among the Irish in Britain
”
. In
The Irish in the New Communities
,
Edited by:
O'Sullivan
,
P.
Vol. 2
,
201
–
25
.
Leicester
:
Leicester University Press
.
O'toole
,
F.
1987
.
The Politics of Magic: The Work and Times of Tom Murphy
,
Dublin
:
Raven Arts Press
.
Berger
,
J.
and
Mohr
,
J.
1975
.
A Seventh Man: Migrant Workers in Europe
,
London
:
Penguin
.
O'connor
,
H.
and
Goodwin
,
J.
2002
.
Work and the Irish Diaspora
.
Irish Journal of Sociology
,
11
(
2
)
:
27
–
53
.
Silverman
,
K.
1993
.
Male Subjectivity at the Margins
,
London
:
Routledge
.
Arrowsmith
,
A.
2004
.
‘To Fly by Those Nets’: Violence and Identity in Tom Murphy's A Whistle in the Dark
.
Irish University Review
,
34
(
2
)
:
315
–
31
.
Kumar
,
K.
1978
.
Prophecy and Progress
,
Harmondsworth
:
Penguin
.
Jackson
,
J.
1963
.
The Irish in Britain
,
London
:
Routledge & Kegan Paul
.
Butler
,
J.
1993
.
“
Endangered/Endangering: Schematic Racism and White Paranoia
”
. In
Reading Rodney King: Reading Urban Uprising
,
Edited by:
Gooding-Williams
,
R.
15
–
22
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Lash
,
S.
1994
.
“
Reflexivity and its Doubles: Students, Aesthetics, Community
”
. In
Reflexive Modernization
,
Edited by:
Beck
,
U.
,
Giddens
,
A.
and
Lash
,
S.
110
–
73
.
Cambridge
:
Polity Press
.
Sherlock
,
J.
1999
.
“
Globalisation: Western Culture and Riverdance
”
. In
Thinking Identities: Ethnicity, Racism and Culture
,
Edited by:
Brah
,
A.
,
Hickman
,
M.
and
Mac an Ghaill
,
M.
205
–
18
.
London
:
Macmillan
.
Baudrillard
,
J.
1981
.
For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign
,
St Louis
:
Telos Press
.
Kristeva
,
J.
1982
.
Powers of Horror
,
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Foster
,
R.
1986
.
We Are All Revisionists Now
.
Irish Review
,
1
:
1
–
5
.
Derrida
,
J.
1974
.
Of Grammatology
,
London
:
Johns Hopkins University Press
.
Translated by G.C. Spivak
Brah
,
A.
,
Hickman
,
M.
and
Mac An Ghaill
,
M.
1999
.
Global Futures: Migration, Environment and Globalization
,
London
:
Macmillan
.
Clifford
,
J.
1994
.
Diasporas
.
Cultural Anthropology
,
9
(
3
)
:
302
–
38
.
Knights
,
D.
and
Mchughes
,
M.
1990
.
“
Theorising Subjectivity
”
. In
Managing the Labour Process
,
Edited by:
Knights
,
D.
and
Willmot
,
H.
182
–
98
.
Aldershot
:
Gower
.
Chambers
,
I.
1994
.
Migrancy, Culture and Identity
,
London
:
Routledge
.
Wieviorka
,
M.
1998
.
Racism and Diasporas
.
Thesis Eleven
,
52
:
49
–
71
.
O'conner
,
J.
1998
.
Questioning Our Self-congratulations
.
Studies
,
87
:
245
–
51
.
Rutherford
,
J.
1990
.
“
A Place Called Home: Identity and the Cultural Politics of Difference
”
. In
Identity: Community, Culture and Difference
,
Edited by:
Rutherford
,
J.
9
–
27
.
London
:
Lawrence & Wishart
.