Effects of Xylose and Soybean Meal Additions to Deep-Stacked Broiler Litter on Nutritive Characteristics for Ruminants

Abstract

Park, K.K., Goetsch, A.L., Patil, A.R., Kouakou, B., Forster, L. A., Jr., Galloway, D.L., Sr. and Johnson, Z.B. 1995. Effects of xylose and soybean meal additions to deep-stacked broiler litter on nutritive characteristics for ruminants. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 7: 1–26.

Broiler litter was mixed with xylose (X;l. 7% dry matter) and (or) soybean (S; 20% dry matter) and deep-stacked at 21, 26 or 31% moisture for 7, 21 or 63 d, with a 2x2x3x3 factorial arrangement of treatments, to determine changes in composition and ruminal degradability of organic matter and nitrogen (N). Nitrogen concentration was increased (P<0.05) by S (5.04 vs 4.18%) and decreased (P<0.05) by X (4.57 vs 4.65%). Xylose decreased (P<0.05) NH₃-N concentration without but not with S (43.6, 37.5, 28.3 and 28.3% total N for Control, X, S and XS, respectively). At 7 d of incubation, soluble N (0.15 M NaCl) was not affected by X without S, although with S, X decreased (P<0.05) soluble N (68.5, 66.4, 60.2 and 53.8% total N for Control, X S and XS, respectively). Xylose decreased (P<0.05) soluble N without and with S at 21 d of incubation (61.3 vs 64.6% total N) and had no effect at 63 d. Xylose had only small effects on acid detergent insoluble N (7.7 vs 6.5, 6.5 vs 7.1 and 5.8 vs 7.2% total N for 21, 26 and 31% moisture, without and with X, respectively; SE 0.21). Xylose increased (P<0.05) insoluble available N concentration with but not without S at 7 d of incubation (23.8, 25.7, 34.0 and 40.3% for Control, X, S and XS, respectively), increased (P<0.05) the level without and with S at 21 d (28.5 vs 31.0% total N) and had no effect at 63 d. Xylose decreased (P<0.05) NH_S-N release in vitro at 12 h of ruminal incubation with but not without S (9.9, 9.9, 12.9 and 10.6 mg/dL for Control, X, S and XS, respectively). At 12 h of ruminal incubation in sacco, N disappearance was similar for Control and X (89.9 and 89.3%) but lower (P<0.05) for XS (80.1%) than for S (85.6%). Substrate pH varied with moisture level (7.88, 7.12 and 6.74 for 21, 26 and 31% moisture; SE 0.066) and incubation length (7.26, 6.89 and 7.58 for 7, 21 and 63 d; SE 0.066). In conclusion, rumen undegradable protein concentration may be increased by addition to deep-stacked broiler litter of a reducing sugar such as X and a protein source, containing amino acids susceptible to non-enzymatic browning reactions, such as S. Effects of X and S additions on indices of ruminal degradation of nitrogenous compounds generally were not markedly altered by moisture level or incubation length.

Key words:

• Broiler litter
• rumen undegradable protein
• xylose
• soybean meal